Genetic and Risk Factors in Central Retinal Venous Occlusion with Macular Edema

Retinal venous occlusions are the most common cause of blindness after diabetic retinopathy. The incidence of the disease increases with age. There are systemic, genetic, and ocular risk factors that set the background of the disease. Methyltetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme gene mutation (MTHFR C677T) increases the plasma levels of homocysteine and the thrombosis tendency. Factor V Leiden polymorphism FVR506Q, prothrombin (FII) G20210A, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ins287del and angiotensinogen (AGT) T235M are other common gene mutations for thromboembolic events. Systemic risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, and obesity are diseases that make atherosclerosis. Other ocular risk factors are glaucoma, orbital masses with inflammation, and glob trauma.