Effect of mutagenic treatments on development of mutants in turmeric cv. Prathibha (Curcuma longa L.)

The present experiment was carried out during Kharif, 2016-2017 at College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem to assess the impact of mutagens on mutagenicity like Mutation frequency on M1 population basis, Mutagenic effectiveness, Mutagenic efficiency and Frequency of albino, xantha and chlorina mutants in turmeric. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice under open field conditions. Rhizomes are treated with gamma rays (25 Gy and 50 Gy) and EMS (250 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm) along with control. Maximum mutagenic frequency, effectiveness and efficiency was observed in25 Gy, 250 ppm EMS and combination of 25 Gy + 250 ppm EMS and minimum was recorded in 50 Gy gamma rays, 1000 ppm EMS and combination both 50 Gy + 500 ppm EMS and 50 Gy + 1000 ppm EMS .

Mutagenic Effect of Gamma Radiation on Macro Mutation Spectrums, Effectiveness and Efficiency under M3 Generation in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Mutation breeding is one of the most reliable techniques in improving crop plants. The study was frequency and spectrum of macro-mutations along with the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of different doses of gamma rays in pea variety (Arkel). The irradiated seeds were sown in the M1, M2 generations in their respective control and harvested in bulk to raise the M3 generation (2013-14) in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Screening of the M3 generation revealed that the mutagenic treatments induced morphological and physiological changes in the variety. A spectrum of mutations which included variants with respect to plant stature, maturity, pod shape, seed colour and seed shape were observed mutagenic effectiveness is measure of the frequency of mutations induced by unit mutagen doses whereas mutagenic efficiency is measure of proportion of mutation in relation to undesirable changes like lethality and sterility etc. The frequency of mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness was found to be highest at lower doses. In mutation breeding where large populations are handled, estimation of mutagenic effect for macro mutation, effectiveness and efficiency may help the breeders in identifying effective treated populations in early generation for reduction in cost of breeding and enhancing scope of selection.