Squaramide‐catalysed asymmetric cascade Michael addition/acyl transfer reaction between unsaturated benzothiophenones and α-nitroketones

An efficient and practical organocatalytic asymmetric strategy was developed using unsaturated benzothiophenones and α‐nitroketones catalysed by bifunctional squaramide via Michael addition and acyl transfer steps. A broad range of chiral...

Organocatalytic asymmetric Michael/acyl transfer reaction between α-nitroketones and 4-arylidenepyrrolidine-2,3-diones

An organocatalytic asymmetric Michael/acyl transfer reaction between α-nitroketones and 4-arylidenepyrrolidine-2,3-diones is reported. A bifunctional thiourea catalyst was found to be effective for this reaction. With 10 mol % of the catalyst, good results were attained for a variety of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones under mild reaction conditions.

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael/Acyl Transfer Reaction between α-Nitroketones and 4-Arylidene- pyrrolidine-2,3-diones

An organocatalytic asymmetric Michael/acyl transfer reaction between α-nitroketones and 4-arylidene-pyrrolidine-2,3-diones was reported. Bifunctional thiourea catalyst was found to be effective for this reaction. With 10 mol% of the catalyst, good results were attained for a variety of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones under mild reaction conditions.

Investigating students’ reasoning over time for case comparisons of acyl transfer reaction mechanisms

Reasoning about organic chemistry reaction mechanisms requires engagement with multiple concepts and necessitates balancing the relative influence of different chemical properties. A goal of organic chemistry instruction is to support students with engaging in this type of reasoning. In this study, we describe our use of case comparison problems to elicit students’ reasoning about acyl transfer reaction mechanisms across a semester. Using an instrumental case study methodology, we analysed three students’ reasoning across three time points: in a pre-interview at the beginning of the semester, on their written responses to one implementation of an in-class scaffold activity, and in a post-interview near the middle of the semester. Through the theoretical lens of Hammer's resources framework, we analysed the resources that students activated when approaching the case comparison problems. We characterized how students used each resource to support their reasoning, alongside characterizing how students weighed the different resources they activated. Our findings indicate that the case comparison problems activated a number of resources for each student across the time points by encouraging students to relate the surface-feature differences between reactions with the associated underlying properties. Students generally used resources, such as resonance and steric effects, in similar ways to support their reasoning across the time points. The study also illustrates the range in students’ abilities to weigh multiple conceptual influences and how this ability might change across the semester. This case study has implications for future research exploring how students reason with multiple concepts and for instructors seeking to implement activities that support students’ reasoning with case comparison problems.

Nucleobase-involved native chemical ligation: a novel reaction between an oxanine nucleobase and N-terminal cysteine for oligonucleotide–peptide conjugation

A novel nucleobase-involved native chemical ligation (NbCL) that allows a site–specific oligonucleotide–peptide conjugation via a new S–N acyl transfer reaction between an oxanine nucleobase and N-terminal cysteine.