Survey of the Germ Antibiorésistance Implied In Infections of the Surgical Site Infection (SSI) To the General Hospital Of National Reference (HGNR) Of N’Djamena (CHAD)

Surgical Site Infections (SSI) are caused in most cases by the resistant or multi-resistant bacteria. Gravities go from a simple superficial cutaneous infection to the potentially deadly infections as the stern septicemia. The objective of this survey is to study the antibiorésistance of germs implied in infections of the operative site to the General Hospital of National Reference (HGRN) of Ndjamena to Chad . The survey had taken place of July to November 2018. A total of 51 cases of infections of the Surgical Sites has been recorded then appropriated and sowed on the Chapman, Mac Conkey, gélose to the Cétrimide, Sabouraud and chocolate gelose in view of an isolation of germs implied. The classic gallery, the API20ES gallery permitted the identification of the different stumps. The classic antibiogramm on a middle gelose of Muller Hinton permitted the survey of the antibiorésistance. The Vitek2 permitted the confirmation of identification, the survey of the antibiorésistance and the detection of stumps of betalactamases enterobacteries producers. The implied germs were: E. coli (29,4%), follow-up of Klebsiella spp (22,5%), Staphylococcus aureus (16,6%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (11,7%), Proteus mirabilis (8,8%), Enterobacter cloacae (5,8%), Serratia odorifera, Shigella sonnei, Corynebacterium spp (0,98%) each, Candida albicans (1,9%). The identified germs multiresistantes were E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia odorifera and Shigella spp. A level of resistance (4%) to the imipenème at entérobactérieses has been recorded. One also notes a resistant of stumps of Staphylococcus aureus 100% to the penicillin and the oxacilline, as well as a resistance to the vancomycine (3%). The identification of stumps isolated showed that the stump E. coli (29,4%) is the germ the more implied. Also, the survey of the antibiorésistance permitted to note a strong resistance of bacteria isolated opposite the tested antibiotics. Surgical site infections (SSI) are caused in most cases by resistant or multi-resistant bacteria. Gravities range from simple superficial skin infections to potentially fatal infections such as severe sepsis. The objective of this study is to study the antibiotic resistance of germs involved in surgical site infections at the Hôpital Général de Référence Nationale (HGRN) in Ndjamena, Chad. The study took place from July to November 2018. A total of 51 surgical site infections were recorded, then sampled and inoculated on Chapman, Mac Conkey, Cetrimid agar, Sabouraud and chocolate agar media to isolate the germs involved. The classical gallery, the API20E gallery allowed the identification of the different strains. The classical antibiogram on a Muller Hinton agar medium allowed the study of antibiotic resistance. Vitek2 enabled confirmation of the identification, study of antibiotic resistance and detection of strains of enterobacteria producing beta-lactamases. The frequency of surgical site infections obtained was 33.6% (51/152). The germs involved were: E. coli (29.4%), followed by Klebsiella spp (22.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (16.6%), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (11.7%), Proteus mirabilis (8.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (5.8%), Serratia odorifera, Shigella sonnei, Corynebacterium spp (0.98%) each, Candida albicans (1.9%). The multi-resistant germs identified were: E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia odorifera and Shigella spp. A level of resistance (4%) to imipenem in Enterobacteriaceae was recorded. Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains to penicillin and oxacillin (100%) and resistance to vancomycin (3%) were also noted The identification of the strains isolated showed that the E. coli strain (29.4%) is the most involved germ. Also, the study of antibiotic resistance showed that the bacteria isolated were highly resistant to the antibiotics tested.

Study on the community structure and function of symbiotic bacteria from different growth and developmental stages of Hypsizygus marmoreus

Background The symbiotic bacteria associated with edible fungi are valuable microbial resources worthy of in-depth exploration. It is important to analyze the community structure and succession of symbiotic bacteria in mushrooms. This can assist in the isolation of growth-promoting strains that have an essential relationship with the cultivation cycle as well as the agronomic traits and yields of fruiting bodies. Results In all of the samples from cultivation bags of Hypsizygus marmoreus, 34 bacterial phyla were detected. Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum (78.85%). The genus Serratia showed an exponential increase in abundance in samples collected from the cultivation bags in the mature period, reaching a peak abundance of 55.74% and the dominant symbiotic flora. The most predominant strain was Serratia odorifera HZSO-1, and its abundance increased with the amount of hyphae of H. marmoreus. Serratia odorifera HZSO-1 could reside in the hyphae of H. marmoreus, promote growth and development, shorten the fruiting cycle by 3–4 days, and further increase the fruiting body yield by 12%. Conclusions This study is a pioneering demonstration of the community structure of the symbiotic microbiota and bacteria-mushroom interaction in the growth and development of edible fungi. This work lays a theoretical foundation to improve the industrial production of mushrooms with symbiotic bacteria as assisting agents.

Study on the community structure and function of symbiotic bacteria from different growth and developmental stages of Hypsizygus marmoreus

Background: The symbiotic bacteria associated with edible fungi are valuable microbial resources worthy of in-depth exploration. It is important to analyze the community structure and succession of symbiotic bacteria in mushrooms. This can assist in the isolation of growth-promoting strains that have an essential relationship with the cultivation cycle as well as the agronomic traits and yields of fruiting bodies.Results: In all of the samples from cultivation bags of Hypsizygus marmoreus, 34 bacterial phyla were detected. Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum (78.85%). The genus Serratia showed an exponential increase in abundance in samples collected from the cultivation bags in the mature period, reaching a peak abundance of 55.74% and the dominant symbiotic flora. The most predominant strain was Serratia odorifera HZSO-1, and its abundance increased with the amount of hyphae of H. marmoreus. Serratia odorifera HZSO-1 could reside in the hyphae of H. marmoreus, promote growth and development, shorten the fruiting cycle by 3-4 days, and further increase the fruiting body yield by 12%. Conclusions: This study is a pioneering demonstration of the community structure of the symbiotic microbiota and bacteria-mushroom interaction in the growth and development of edible fungi. This work lays a theoretical foundation to improve the industrial production of mushrooms with symbiotic bacteria as assisting agents.

Study on the community structure and function of symbiotic bacteria from different growth and developmental stages of Hypsizygus marmoreus

Background: The symbiotic bacteria associated with edible fungi are valuable microbial resources worthy of in-depth exploration. It is important to analyze the community structure and succession of symbiotic bacteria in mushrooms. This can assist in the isolation of growth-promoting strains that have an essential relationship with the cultivation cycle as well as the agronomic traits and yields of fruiting bodies.Results: In all of the samples from cultivation bags of Hypsizygus marmoreus, 34 bacterial phyla were detected. Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum (78.85%). The genus Serratia showed an exponential increase in abundance in samples collected from the cultivation bags in the mature period, reaching a peak abundance of 55.74% and the dominant symbiotic flora. The most predominant strain was Serratia odorifera HZSO-1, and its abundance increased with the amount of hyphae of H. marmoreus. Serratia odorifera HZSO-1 could reside in the hyphae of H. marmoreus, promote growth and development, shorten the fruiting cycle by 3-4 days, and further increase the fruiting body yield by 12%. Conclusions: This study is a pioneering demonstration of the community structure of the symbiotic microbiota and bacteria-mushroom interaction in the growth and development of edible fungi. This work lays a theoretical foundation to improve the industrial production of mushrooms with symbiotic bacteria as assisting agents.

Study on the community structure and function of symbiotic bacteria at different growth and developmental stages of Hypsizygus marmoreus

Background: The symbiotic bacteria associated with edible fungi are valuable microbial resources worthy of in-depth exploration. It is important to analyze the community structure and succession of symbiotic bacteria in mushrooms. This can also assist in the isolation of growth-promoting strains that have an essential relationship with the cultivation cycle as well as the agronomic traits and yields of fruiting bodies.Results: In all of the samples from cultivation bags of Hypsizygus marmoreus, 34 bacterial phyla were detected. Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum (78.85%). The genus Serratia showed an exponential increase in abundance in the cultivation bags in the mature period, reaching a peak abundance of 55.74% and becoming the dominant symbiotic flora. The most predominant strain was Serratia odorifera HZSO-1, and its abundance increased with the amount of hyphae of H. marmoreus. Serratia odorifera HZSO-1 could reside in the hyphae of H. marmoreus, promote growth and development, shorten the fruiting cycle by 3-4 days, and further increase the fruiting body yield by 12%. Conclusions: This study is a pioneering demonstration of the community structure of the symbiotic microbiota and bacteria-mushroom interaction in the growth and development of edible fungi. This work lays a theoretical foundation to improve the industrial production of mushrooms with symbiotic bacteria as assisting agents.

Study on the community structure and function of symbiotic bacteria at different growth and developmental stages of Hypsizygus marmoreus

Background: The symbiotic bacteria associated with edible fungi are valuable microbial resources worthy of in-depth exploring. It is of significance to analyze the community structure and succession of symbiotic bacteria in edible fungi, which can also avail the isolating of growth-promoting strains that have an essential relationship with the cultivation cycle, and agronomic traits and yields of fruiting bodies.Results: In all the samples from cultivation bags of Hypsizygus marmoreus, 34 bacterial phyla were detected, and Firmicutes was the most abundant bacterial phylum (78.85%). The genus Serratia showed an exponential increase in abundance in the cultivation bags in the mature period, reaching a peak abundance of 55.74% and becoming the dominant symbiotic flora. The most dominant strain was Serratia odorifera HZSO-1, and its abundance increased with the amount of hyphae of H. marmoreus. Serratia odorifera HZSO-1 could reside in the hyphae of H. marmoreus, promote the growth and development, shorten the fruiting cycle by 3-4 days, and further increase the fruiting body yield by 12%. Conclusions: This study is a pioneering demonstration of the community structure of the symbiotic microbiota and bacteria-mushroom interaction in the growth and development of edible fungi. This work lays a theoretical foundation to improve the industrial production of mushrooms with symbiotic bacteria as assisting agents.