ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCIDENT RATE OF PERSONAL MOBILITY EQUIPMENT IN VARIOUS DRIVING CONDITIONS

В статье проведен анализ аварийности, связанной с использованием средств индивидуальной мобильности в различных условиях движения. За последние несколько лет количество дорожно-транспортных происшествий с участием указанных средств заметно выросло. Причиной этому явился скачок спроса на данные модели как среди молодежи, так и среди населения более старшего возраста в силу их высокой мобильности. In this article, an analysis of the accident rate of individual mobility equipment in various traffic conditions was carried out. Over the past few years, the number of road accidents involving individual vehicles has increased significantly. The reason for this may be, due to their high mobility, a jump in demand for these models among both young people and the more mature population.

Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Patellar Instability in Skeletally Immature versus Mature Patients

Objectives: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is the standard of care surgical treatment for recurrent patellar instability. Recurrent patellar instability is common after a first-time dislocation in the skeletally immature population. Adult-type reconstruction techniques are often avoided in skeletally immature patients due to the proximity of the femoral insertion of the MFPL to the distal femoral physis. It is currently unclear how outcomes of MPFL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients compare to those for skeletally mature patients. The objective of this study is to present the outcomes of isolated MPFL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients and compare their findings to a skeletally mature population. Methods: Patients were identified from an institutional patellofemoral registry who underwent isolated MPFL reconstruction from March 2014 to July 2018. Demographic, radiographic, and knee-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected prior to surgery. Follow-up data collection included knee surveys collected at 1 and 2-years following MPFL reconstruction. Additionally, return to sport rates and episodes of re-dislocations were also collected. Comparisons of demographic and clinical data were made between skeletally immature and mature patients. Sub-analysis was performed on outcomes in skeletally immature patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction where the graft was placed distal to the physis to avoid the growth plate versus those who had standard placement of the graft. Baseline factors were analyzed using independent samples t-tests or chi-square analysis. Longitudinal analysis of knee PROMs was conducted using generalized estimating equation (GEE) modeling. Statistical significance was defined as p-values of 0.05 or less. Results: The study cohort included 107 patients (25 skeletally immature, 82 skeletally mature). Mean age of the study groups was 13.8 years in the immature group (range 11-15) and 21.3 in the mature group (range 14-34). No differences in sex (72% female in both groups) or obesity (0% vs. 8%) was observed between immature and mature patients. Radiographic measures of Caton-Deschamps Index (1.18 in both groups), TT-TG (14.9 vs. 14.8), and Dejour classification (P=0.328) also saw no differences between groups. Longitudinal outcomes in KOOS QoL, IKDC, KOOS PS, and Kujala surveys found no differences between immature versus mature patients over time. However, higher PediFABS was observed in the immature group versus mature at baseline (21.6 vs. 11.9, P<0.001), 1-year (18.1 vs. 11.5, P=0.006), and 2-years (22.4 vs. 11.5, P=0.003). Low incidence of post-operative dislocation and a high return to sport rate was observed in both skeletally immature and mature patients. No statistical differences were observed in all outcomes between immature patients who had standard graft placement and those where the graft was placed distal to the physis. Conclusion: Controversy exists in how best to treat the skeletally immature patient with recurrent lateral patellar instability. Due to the risk of injury to the growth plate, many believe it is best to wait to stabilize these patients until they have stopped growing. However, given the high risk of cartilage injury with each dislocation and the long term sequelae of such injuries in these young knees, the risk of waiting may be high. This study demonstrates similar outcomes and recurrence rates in skeletally immature patients with those seen in the mature population without disturbance or injury to the growth plates. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

Generation Crisis: How Population Research Defined the Baby Boomers

This article presents an intellectual and social history of the concept of the baby boom. Researchers first invented the notion of a population bulge in the mid-twentieth-century United States to explain birth rates that were higher than predicted by their theories of a mature population and economy. As the children born during this “baby boom” entered schools in the 1950s, they were drawn into a pre-existing conversation about an educational emergency that confirmed researchers’ suspicions that the bulge would spread crisis over time throughout all of the nation's age-graded institutions. New sociological and demographic explanations of the bulge subsequently merged with heightened talk of generational conflict during the 1960s and 1970s to define, with journalistic help in 1980, the “baby boom generation” and the “baby boomer.” Crisis talk has pursued the boomers into the present, mobilized most effectively by opponents of the welfare state.

Le bivalve Montanaria Spriestersbach, 1909: habitat et morphologie d'une nouvelle espèce emsienne de la Formation de York River de Gaspé, Québec

A new Emsian species of the Rhenish bivalve Montanaria Spriestersbach, 1909 is described from specimens that were collected in the York River Formation, Gaspé area. It is reported for the first time in America. This endobenthic species, M.honquedoensis n.sp., developed communities in areas of fine sand embayments or in brackish lagoons related to a sedimentation in a deltaic environment. The acidic benthos in which it lived corroded deeply the beak in the mature population. The diffusion of Montanaria towards Gaspé is explained by the restricted dimension of the Emsian Iapetus Ocean, and it coincides with the bivalve migration, from the western Europe to the northeast of North America, from Early to Middle Devonian. The monogenic family of Montanariidae is revised and its taxonomic affiliation is discussed. The dental and ligamental features of Montanaria indicate an intermediate level of organization between primitive actinodontoids and heterodonts. [Journal Translation]