More is not always better: A study of country-level factors associated with adolescents’ environmental attitudes using a multilevel analysis of PISA 2006

In recent decades, environmental problems have rapidly worsened to become a planetary crisis, and mounting scientific evidence supports that this crisis is anthropogenic. With the growing concern over the anthropogenic ecological crisis, there has been more attention to the factors influencing people’s pro-environmental attitudes. However, limited research on the adolescent population exists, and country-level factors were rarely explored with mixed findings. This study examines whether and how three country-level factors of national consumption, national average environmental knowledge, and national income level significantly impact students’ environmental attitudes, using multilevel modeling methods. The analysis results show that adolescents’ environmental attitudes are negatively related to the national consumption and environmental knowledge level after controlling for important individual-level factors while having no significant relationship with the national income level. This study concludes with a discussion on the future direction of environmental education and studies.

A national survey of antibacterial consumption in Sri Lanka

Introduction Optimizing the use of antibacterial medicines is an accepted strategy to combat the antibacterial resistance. Availability of reliable antibacterial consumption (ABC) data is a prerequisite to implement this strategy. Objectives To quantify and describe the national ABC in Sri Lanka and to examine any differences in the consumption between public and private sector. Methods The methodology for this survey was adapted from World Health Organization (WHO) methodology for a global programme on surveillance of antimicrobial consumption. Aggregate data on national consumption of systemic antibacterials (J01- Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) for 2017 were retrospectively extracted from all available data sources and classified using ATC classification. Quantity of consumption was converted to Defined Daily Doses (DDDs). Data are presented as total consumption and comparison between the public and private sector. Selected key quality indicators of ABC were compared between these two sectors. Findings From the available data sources, the total ABC in 2017 was 343.46 million DDDs. Private sector consumption accounted for 246.76 million DDDs compared to 97.96 million DDDs distributed to entire public sector by the Ministry of Health. Beta-lactam-penicillins antibacterial group accounted for 58.79% in public sector compared to 27.48% in private sector while macrolides, quinolones and other beta-lactam antibacterials accounted for 60.51% in the private compared to 28.41% in public sector. Consumption of Reserve group antibacterials was negligible, and limited to private sector. Watch category antibacterials accounted for 46%, 24% and 54% of the total, public and private sector consumption, respectively. Conclusions A disproportionately higher use of broad spectrum and Watch category antibacterials was observed in the private sector which needs further study. This national consumption survey highlights the need and provides the opening for establishment of ABC surveillance in Sri Lanka.

Medium, Small and Medium Enterprises and Digital Platforms

In July 2020, the Indonesian economic situation face deflation of 0,1 % explained by the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia. Furthermore, the tobacco, food, and beverage sector also face the same situation with deflation of 0,79%, following 0.19% deflation in foodstuff. Deflation happened in demand for food related with the exchange rate of agricultural food crops decreased by 0,74 %. Based on the contribution of public expense, 40% group of lower- class contributes 17% of the entire national consumption, and also 40 % group of middle class contributes 36.78%, and 20 % group of upper class contributes 45.49 %.

Medium , Small and Medium Enterprises and Digital Platforms

Medium, Small, and Medium Enterprises and Digital PlatformsIn July 2020, the Indonesian economic situation face deflation of 0,1 % explained by theCentral Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia. Furthermore, the tobacco, food, andbeverage sector also face the same situation with deflation of 0,79%, following 0.19% deflation infoodstuff. Deflation happened in demand for food related with the exchange rate of agriculturalfood crops decreased by 0,74 %. Based on the contribution of public expense, 40% group of lowerclasscontributes 17% of the entire national consumption, and also 40 % group of middle classcontributes 36.78%, and 20 % group of upper class contributes 45.49 %.

Journal Sitasi Medium , Small and Medium Enterprises and Digital Platforms

Nama : Hana Dila SandyNrp : 130219217Kp : Btugas citationMedium, Small, and Medium Enterprises and Digital PlatformsIn July 2020, the Indonesian economic situation face deflation of 0,1 % explained by theCentral Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia. Furthermore, the tobacco, food, andbeverage sector also face the same situation with deflation of 0,79%, following 0.19% deflation infoodstuff. Deflation happened in demand for food related with the exchange rate of agriculturalfood crops decreased by 0,74 %. Based on the contribution of public expense, 40% group of lowerclasscontributes 17% of the entire national consumption, and also 40 % group of middle classcontributes 36.78%, and 20 % group of upper class contributes 45.49 %.

Medium, Small, and Medium Enterprises and Digital Platforms

In July 2020, the Indonesian economic situation face deflation of 0,1 % explained by theCentral Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia. Furthermore, the tobacco, food, andbeverage sector also face the same situation with deflation of 0,79%, following 0.19% deflation infoodstuff. Deflation happened in demand for food-related with the exchange rate of agriculturalfood crops decreased by 0,74 %. Based on the contribution of public expense, 40% group of lower-classcontributes 17% of the entire national consumption, and also 40 % group of middle classcontributes 36.78%, and 20 % group of upper class contributes 45.49 %

Medium,Small and Medium Enterprise and Digital Platfrom Journal Sitasi

In July 2020, the Indonesian economic situation face deflation of 0,1 % explained by theCentral Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia. Furthermore, the tobacco, food, andbeverage sector also face the same situation with deflation of 0,79%, following 0.19% deflation infoodstuff. Deflation happened in demand for food related with the exchange rate of agriculturalfood crops decreased by 0,74 %. Based on the contribution of public expense, 40% group of lowerclass contributes 17% of the entire national consumption, and also 40 % group of middle classcontributes 36.78%, and 20 % group of upper class contributes 45.49 %.

Global, regional, and national consumption of controlled opioids: a cross-sectional study of 214 countries and non-metropolitan territories

Introduction: The consumption of opioids has increased globally since the 1990s. Previous studies of global opioid consumption have concentrated on morphine alone or a subset of opioids, with a focus on cancer pain and palliative care. In this study, we have determined the global, regional, and national consumption of all controlled opioids, including anaesthetics, analgesics, antidiarrheals, opioid substitution therapies, and cough suppressants. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB). We calculated mean opioid consumption (mg/person) globally, regionally, and nationally for 2015–2017, where consumption refers to the total amount of controlled opioids distributed for medical purposes and excludes recreational use. We ranked countries by total consumption and quantified the types of opioids consumed globally. Results: Between 2015 and 2017, 90% of the world’s population consumed only 11% of controlled opioids. An average of 32 mg/person was consumed annually, but this was not equally distributed across the world. Consumption was the highest in Germany (480 mg/person), followed by Iceland (428 mg/person), the United States (398 mg/person) and Canada (333 mg/person). Oxycodone (35%) was the most heavily consumed controlled opioid globally, followed by morphine (15.9%), methadone (15.8%) and tilidine (14%). Conclusion: Large disparities persist in most of the world in accessing essential opioid medicines. Consumption patterns should continue to be monitored, and collaborative strategies should be developed to promote access and the appropriate prescribing of opioids in all countries and non-metropolitan territories.

Pengaruh Keuangan Inklusif dan Bank Syariah terhadap Konsumsi Nasional Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of financial inclusion and Islamic Banks to national consumption in Indonesia. The Data used in this research is the second data obtained through the official website of the authority of the Islamic financial services banking statistics and data from the Central Statistical Office Data. The method used in this research is the analysis of panel data regression with the aid of Eviews 9 to obtain the processed results complete data concerning the relationship of one variable with the variable that the other. The sample of this study consists of 33 provinces in Indonesia with the time frames 2017-2020. The results of this study is that the variable financial inclusion has influence in a positive and partial to the variable of national consumption with the value of the probability of 0,0000 < 0,05. While the variables of islamic banks have influence in a positive and partial to the variable of national consumption with the value of the probability of 0,0460 < 0,05. Then for the regression simultaneously obtain the result that financial inclusion and islamic banks jointly affect the national consumption. For the coefficient of determination of the two independent variables against the national consumption by 91% while the remaining 9% is explained or influenced by other variables that are not incorporated into the model of this research.