Gingival Phenotypes Amongst Male Dental Students at Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM, Malaysia

The aim of the present study was to investigate the periodontal phenotypes among young Malay males with different gingival biotypes. Forty-seven systemically and periodontally healthy young Malay males participated in this study, where 25.5% were diagnosed with thin gingival biotype and 74.5% of thick biotype. The periodontal phenotypes were measured through clinical parameters presented by the gingival thickness (GT), gingival width (GW), papilla height (PH), and crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL). Three clusters were identified through K-means cluster ing analysis based on the parameters of the periodontal phenotypes. Cluster 1 represents narrow crown form and the average CW/CL, GW, PH and PD were 0.69, 2.92, 4.55 and 2.16 mm, respectively. Cluster 2 displayed an average of 0.76, 4.29, 4.96 and 2.14 mm for CW/CL, GW, PH and PD, respectively. Cluster 3 represents wide crown form and the average displayed for CW/CL, GW, PH and PD were 0.80, 4.85, 3.73 and 2.23 mm, respectively. There were significant differences between the three clusters (p<0.05) with respect to the GW, PH and CW/CL. This study demonstrates the difference in gingival phenotypes between young Malay males. The GW has a signiϑicant positive linear correlation (p><0.05) with CW/CL and negatively correlated with PH.><0.05) with respect to the GW, PH and CW/CL. This study demonstrates the difference in gingival phenotypes between young Malay males. The GW has a significant positive linear correlation (p<0.05) with CW/CL and negatively correlated with PH.><0.05) with CW/CL and negatively correlated with PH.

Eilbert (Hazel) (Corylus maxima Mill.) bole culture on the tree-like rootstocks

The authors have proved the hazel cultivation efficiency in the world and Ukraine. The expediency of this crop growing on the rootstock has been substantiated on the basis of the expedionary inspections of the hazel bole plants revealed in Ukraine. The problems of the grafted plants bole height have been considered, the crown forms, their formation technology recommended as well as the trees planting plans in the orchard. The bole height has proved to influence not only the habit but also sprouting formation of the under the conditions of such an orchard exploitation period. It appeared that hen creating hazel industrial orchards on its tree-like rootstocks it is important to elaborate the crown forms and bole height the parameters of which would ensure high productivity, limit the crown habit and enable to mechanize the fruits collection. The spherical and spindle-like crowns are proposed that are formed on a certain bole height, the latter form differing from the former by a less frit branches amount orientated concerning the row area (5-8). Hazel industrial orchards with the bole culture at present it is mainly are recommended to be established using the planting plan 7-6 х 6-4 m. But when choosing a concrete plan, first of all, the cultivar vigour should be taken into account like under the as well as the crown form, bole height and the fact that this orchard practically does not need irrigation. It is possible to foresee with great probability that the habit parameters of a bush-tree crown can be regulated by the bole height like concerning other fruit crops. However, the final conclusion cannot be made so far because of the lack of the facts as regards cultivars. Besides, it is a bush-tree that is studied and such sign as early-ripening occurs in those constructions in different ways. The necessity is stressed of improving the technology of the hazel grafted planting trees reproduction.

Localized Asymmetry in Human Dental Crown Form—an Interesting Case

A case of a 20-year-old female is described in which the premolars and molars on the right side of the arch display altered crown proportions and altered occlusal morphology. There is no evidence of an orofacial congenital disorder or history of trauma. It is argued that the asymmetrical expression of crown form does not fall within the normal range of variation but has resulted from a localized disruption in cellular function within the developing tooth germs, probably upsetting the folding of the internal enamel epithelia. This has produced crowns that have rounded cuspal outlines and reduced intercuspal distances. Superimposed space constraints in the mandible may have also led to compression of the lower molar crowns mesiodistally and affected their root formation.

VARIABILITY AND BALANCE OF CROWN PROJECTION OF TREES PLANTED ON SIDEWALKS OF THREE BRAZILIAN CITIES

ABSTRACT Tree crown form can be used as a variable to the comprehension of factors that influence tree growth, mainly maintenance practices and interactions with urban structures, but also the potential risks that can exist. In this research, we aimed to evaluate crown projection unbalance of trees planted on sidewalks of three Brazilian cities, in order to determine the existence and the sort of asymmetry and crown angle formed in relation to the central axis of the trunk. We measured the length of four crown projection radii and compared them by means of Kruskal-Wallis Test. Each one of the crowns was framed in one of the four asymmetry classes to verify the uniformity of projection in relation to the central axis of the trunk. We also determined the distance between central axis of the trunk and crown centroid, with respective angle formed, in order to characterize the unbalance of crown projection. There was a significant difference among crown projection radii, with greater values to radius faced to street and the smallest ones faced to buildings. In the three cities evaluated there were a predominance of trees framed on class 3 of asymmetry, which represents the model with the greatest deformations on crown of trees. We observed the lowest mean angle of crown centroid projection with distinctions among species sampled in Bonito.

Multisite genetic parameter estimates from a Callitropsis nootkatensis diallel study with clonally replicated progeny

Clonally replicated Callitropsis nootkatensis (D. Don) D.P. Little progeny from partial diallels were established in nine trials on coastal British Columbia, Canada. The trials were assessed for height, diameter, and crown form at age 12 years. An individual-genotype, linear mixed model with spatially correlated residuals was used to estimate the variance components and related genetic parameters. The majority of the estimated genetic variance for all traits was additive, and nonadditive genetic variance was predominantly due to dominance effects. Narrow-sense heritabilities for height and diameter at individual sites varied from 0.07 to 0.39, whereas for crown form, they were all less than 0.1. Dominance and epistasis ratios were, for the most part, lower than narrow-sense heritabilities. Common across-site additive and nonadditive genetic correlations were strongly positive and not significantly different from 1.0 for the majority of traits across sites within a series. Significant levels of additive genetic variance, coupled with insignificant to low nonadditive genetic variance for growth and crown form, would seem to be contrary to developing a clonal testing and deployment program. However, the lack of viable orchard seed and the faster delivery of genetic gain to reforestation, as well as more accurate forward selections based on additive genetic effects, makes this strategy viable for C. nootkatensis.