Railway System Design by Adopting the Merry-Go-Round (MGR) Paradigm

Public transport systems can be characterised by a schedule-based or a frequency-based framework according to the kind of service to be operated. In the former case, specific departure and arrival times are set for each run and disclosed to the users; in the latter, instead, it is necessary to maintain a certain headway between two successive runs, rather than a specific timetable structure. This paper focuses on modelling frequency-based systems, which can be described by means of the so-called Merry-Go-Round (MGR) paradigm. The paradigm is first discussed and the related analytical formulation is presented; the role of the terminal station layout is then investigated within this framework. Finally, in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed formulation, it was implemented in the case of a real-scale metro line.

The Influence of Railways on the Economy of the North East of the Don Host Region (60s – 90s of the 19th Century)

Introduction. The article deals with the issue of the influence of the railways built in the 1860s – 1890s in the northeast of the Don Cossack Host Region on the economic development of this region. Methods. Published reports of railway joint-stock companies and archival statistical materials, observations of contemporaries show that this influence was ambiguous. Analysis and results. Gryaz-Tsaritsyn railway, which passed through the densely populated and fertile areas of Khopyorsky and Ust-Medveditsky districts, had the most positive impact on the economy. As a result, grain and livestock production significantly increased, agricultural marketability increased, old major trade and industry centers (Uryupinskaya stanitsa) were developing and new ones (Mikhaylovka sloboda, Privokzalny khutor) appeared. At the same time, the very first Volga-Don railway was mainly transit and had no noticeable impact on the development of the surrounding area, except for Kalach terminal station. Tsaritsyn- Tikhoretsk and East-Donetsk railways passed through the sparsely populated and infertile margin of the region, far from large settlements. Their influence on the local economy at first was rather negative and led to the collapse of the traditional horse carriage. The old trade centers, Nizhne-Chirskaya stanitsa and Kalach-on-Don khutor, were put in unfavorable conditions, which led to the slowdown in their development and the outflow of goods and traders to Oblivskaya and Morozovskaya railway stations.

Pass a delicate and robust traffic line as pedestrian through a conflicting urban area

<p>The development of urban infrastructure, especially the pedestrian network in Tokyo is listed up as the most priority measure which they have in one of the urban redevelopment step-up projects in the nationally strategic economic zone, Takeshiba. This is reported about the detailed design for the pedestrian deck which makes a connection between the train terminal station and the ship terminal station.</p><p>We have to create not only a new pedestrian network through an existing elevated traffic network that spreads in multiple layers in the center of Tokyo (it is so that threads pass through the eye of a needle), but also pile foundation through underground buried objects.</p><p>It must be made sure that there is little impact on the green called old Kyu Shiba Rikyu Japanese Garden which is rare in the center of Tokyo and is next to this pedestrian deck surrounded by skyscrapers.</p><p>Therefore we consider many design factors of the pedestrian bridge, for example, landscape deliberation, construction method through intersecting road, maintainability concerning usability, cost calculation, and so on. There are various contexts in the surrounding environment of this special situation. As a result, we completed this pedestrian deck that had some unique detail designs.</p><p>Then we designed not only sophisticated simple and also a well-balanced form for accomplishing a harmony between high-rise buildings and the Japanese garden.</p>

KEEPEING OF MICROCLIMATE PARAMETERS AT TERMINAL STATION OF SUBWAY LINE

In the work results of field studies of speed of air flows initiated by piston effect of trains on terminal station Ploshad Garina-Mikhaylovskogo of Novosibirsk Subway are represented. Actual volumes of cold outside air inflowing into the station and dependences of air flow speeds on movement speed of trains are determined. It is shown when temperature of outside air is below than -10 °, warm air curtains in operation do not provide heating up inflowing into the station cold air to standard temperature. Results of calculating experiments at math model of air distribution are represented, calculated dependences of speed of air flows movement through halls of the station on train movement speed at block “Sibirskaya - Ploshad Garina-Mikhaylovskogo” are discovered. It is shown that the most effective way of reduction of intensity of cold outside air inflowing into the station is change of speed modes of arriving and departing trains. Values of required heat power of warm air curtains at station halls in dependence on outside air temperature and speed mode of trains are determined. Variant of speed mode when train arrives to the station with the speed 60 km/h and departures with the speed 30 km/h is recommended. In this case average rate of inlowing to the hall air is reduced into 2 times compared with air rate of actual train movement schedule. In the context of this variant, power of operated warm air curtains is enough for keeping standard temperature at the halls of the stations when outside air temperature is above -27 °С.

Safe Approach of Trains Into Terminal Stations

This paper focuses on the safety aspect of passenger trains approaching a terminal station with a bumper block/post. As evidenced by the recent collision of a commuter train at Hoboken terminal on September 29, 2016, the consequences of a collision with a bumper post could be catastrophic, however, railroads can take preventative measures to reduce the element of risk. Case studies obtained from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) involving similar bumper block accidents are analyzed to identify any potential common denominator. The objective of this paper is to comprehensively present the various mitigation techniques that railroads can adopt to safeguard their systems against these types of accidents. Although some of the mitigation techniques presented in the paper may already be known in the industry generically, their application to specifically mitigating the hazard of bumper collisions is a novel attempt to focus systematically on this topic. Examples of mitigation techniques discussed here in include speed restricting devices, driver alerted features, bumper blocks with more impact tolerance, and organizational safety culture. The effect of newer technologies such as PTC (in USA only) and CBTC towards mitigating this hazard as well as the unique constraints presented at terminal stations is also assessed.