INFLUENCE OF POTATO VARIETY AND TYPE OF OIL USED IN FRYING POTATOES ON ACRYLAMIDE LEVEL

French fries are very consumed food products in fast-foods, restaurants, as well in consumer households. During frying process, the chemical contaminant acrylamide is formed, which is the result of the reaction between the amino group of asparagine and the carbonyl group of reducing carbohydrates (mainly glucose, fructose and maltose). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of potato variety (Asinaria, Marvis) and type of oil (sunflower, palm) used on the level of acrylamide formed in potatoes fried in fast-food conditions. The acrylamide content was determined by GC-MS/MS using the SPE technique. For both potato varieties, the use of sunflower oil when frying potatoes led to a higher acrylamide level (288.11 ÷ 295.86 µg/% d.m.) compared to French fries fried in palm oil (227.44 ÷ 242.82 µg/% d.m.). The acrylamide level was correlated with the content of reducing sugars in the composition of the potato variety. The Asinaria variety which had the highest content of reducing carbohydrates (3.92% d.m.) determined the highest level of acrylamide. Correlations between the level of acrylamide and color parameters L* and a* were found: as the level of acrylamide increased, the color parameter L* decreased and the parameter a* increased. The potato variety and type of oil used for frying influenced the acrylamide level formed in French fries.

Water-Soluble Pyrene Tags Enable the Detection of Carbohydrates by Label-Assisted Laser Desorption/ionisation Mass Spectrometry

<div>Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is widely used for the analysis of biomolecules. Label-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (LALDI-MS) is a matrix-free variant of MALDI-MS, in which only analytes covalently attached to a laser desorption/ionisation (LDI) enhancer are detected. LALDI-MS has shown promise in overcoming limitations of MALDI-MS in terms of sample preparation and MS analysis. In this work, we have developed water-soluble pyrene-based LDI reagents (LALDI tags) that can be used for (in situ) labelling and LALDI-MS analysis of reducing carbohydrates from complex (biological) samples without the need for additional chemical derivatisation or purification. We have systematically explored the suitability of four pyrene-based LDI enhancers and three aldehyde-reactive handles, optimised sample preparation, and exemplified the use of a LALDI tag by the detection of lactose in cow’s milk. These results demonstrate that LALDI-MS is a promising technique for the analysis of reducing carbohydrates in biological samples, and pave the way for the development of LALDI-MS for glycomics and diagnostics.</div>

Water-Soluble Pyrene Tags Enable the Detection of Carbohydrates by Label-Assisted Laser Desorption/ionisation Mass Spectrometry

<div>Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is widely used for the analysis of biomolecules. Label-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (LALDI-MS) is a matrix-free variant of MALDI-MS, in which only analytes covalently attached to a laser desorption/ionisation (LDI) enhancer are detected. LALDI-MS has shown promise in overcoming limitations of MALDI-MS in terms of sample preparation and MS analysis. In this work, we have developed water-soluble pyrene-based LDI reagents (LALDI tags) that can be used for (in situ) labelling and LALDI-MS analysis of reducing carbohydrates from complex (biological) samples without the need for additional chemical derivatisation or purification. We have systematically explored the suitability of four pyrene-based LDI enhancers and three aldehyde-reactive handles, optimised sample preparation, and exemplified the use of a LALDI tag by the detection of lactose in cow’s milk. These results demonstrate that LALDI-MS is a promising technique for the analysis of reducing carbohydrates in biological samples, and pave the way for the development of LALDI-MS for glycomics and diagnostics.</div>

Water-Soluble Pyrene Tags Enable the Detection of Carbohydrates by Label-Assisted Laser Desorption/ionisation Mass Spectrometry

<div>Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is widely used for the</div><div>analysis of biomolecules. Label-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (LALDI-MS) is</div><div>a matrix-free variant of MALDI-MS, in which only analytes covalently attached to a laser</div><div>desorption/ionisation (LDI) enhancer are detected. LALDI-MS has shown promise in overcoming</div><div>limitations of MALDI-MS in terms of sample preparation and MS analysis. In this work, we have</div><div>developed water-soluble pyrene-based LDI reagents (LALDI tags) that can be used for (in situ) labelling</div><div>and LALDI-MS analysis of reducing carbohydrates from complex (biological) samples without the need</div><div>for additional chemical derivatisation or purification. We have systematically explored the suitability</div><div>of four pyrene-based LDI enhancers and three aldehyde-reactive handles, optimised sample</div><div>preparation, and exemplified the use of a LALDI tag by the detection of lactose in cow’s milk. These</div><div>results demonstrate that LALDI-MS is a promising technique for the analysis of reducing carbohydrates</div><div>in biological samples, and pave the way for the development of LALDI-MS for glycomics and</div><div>diagnostics.</div>

The Propagation of Rosa gallica ‘Tuscany Superb’ by Root Cuttings with the Use of IBA and Biostimulants

The research was aimed at studying the possibility of an alternative method of propagation the difficult-to-root Rosa gallica ‘Tuscany Superb’. The root cuttings of three thickness were rooted using IBA preparations (Chryzotop green, Rhizopon AA 020XX) and biostimulants (Tytanit, Root JuiceTM). The shoots disappeared before the growth of the roots. At the first days of growth, the both shoots and roots elongated upright without polarity. The primordia of the first type of root/shoot buds were situated in cambium zone as the subtending traces of near the rays visible on the cross sections. Moreover, the second types of buds were located in pericycle tissues. The swellings suggested inherence buds were disappearing before rooting. The content of reducing and non-reducing carbohydrates was lower at the time of harvesting the rooted cuttings than before rooting. The thickness of the root cuttings had a significant importance for growth parameters and content of carbohydrates in rooted cuttings. The most useful root cuttings, those achieving the highest mean rooting percentage are thick (76.8%) and medium (67.9%) size. Preparations or biostimulants had a differential influence on rooting process and none of them unequivocally guaranteed an improvement in the rooting percentage of cuttings, parameters of growth or content of carbohydrates. The Rhizopon AA 020XX (90.0%) in thick and Chryzotop green (87.5%) in medium cuttings increased the rooting percentage significantly. Root JuiceTM (0.1%, 0.2%) and Tytanit (0.04%) were also enough positive activity in medium cuttings and can replace IBA preparations. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

Low-Carb and Ketogenic Diets in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Low-carb and ketogenic diets are popular among clinicians and patients, but the appropriateness of reducing carbohydrates intake in obese patients and in patients with diabetes is still debated. Studies in the literature are indeed controversial, possibly because these diets are generally poorly defined; this, together with the intrinsic complexity of dietary interventions, makes it difficult to compare results from different studies. Despite the evidence that reducing carbohydrates intake lowers body weight and, in patients with type 2 diabetes, improves glucose control, few data are available about sustainability, safety and efficacy in the long-term. In this review we explored the possible role of low-carb and ketogenic diets in the pathogenesis and management of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Furthermore, we also reviewed evidence of carbohydrates restriction in both pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, through gut microbiota modification, and treatment of type 1 diabetes, addressing the legitimate concerns about the use of such diets in patients who are ketosis-prone and often have not completed their growth.

Isolation, Characterization and Physicochemical Properties of Starch from Ginger (Zingiber Officinale)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains constituent like starch, fat, gingerol, volatile oil, the crushed ginger root and starch extracted based on properties of physicochemical that isolates using 1 % w/v sodium metabisulphite solution of achieving starch was initiate to be crystalline, non-hygroscopic powder with 1.3 swelling powder capacity, 37% of solubility capacity and gelatinization temperature at 800 C. The character study of starch was extracted and showed physicochemical properties elevate using extraction, purification, concentration, physical or biological process expressed for identification of sinking and non-reducing carbohydrates.

Analytical Investigation of the Possible Chemical Interaction of Methyldopa with Some Reducing Carbohydrates Used as Pharmaceutical Excipients

Purpose: Assessment of drug substance and excipients compatibility is an important issue during pre-formulation studies as well as the quality control of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this study, potential incompatibility between methyldopa and reducing excipients was evaluated using physicochemical methods. Methods: Dextrose and lactose (anhydrous & monohydrate) were selected as reducing carbohydrates. The initial incompatibility was studied with DSC and FTIR on binary mixtures with 1:1 mass ratio. Results were confirmed using HPLC studies coupled with mass spectrometry. Results: The DSC curves indicated the elimination of the melting endotherm of methyldopa in the binary mixtures. A new peak at 1719 cm-1 was observed in the FTIR spectra that can be attributed to the loss of type one amine functionality. The m/z of the proposed compound was observed in the mass spectra. Conclusion: The potential incompatibility of Methyldopa with reducing carbohydrates was established using physicochemical methods.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BURITI PULP (Mauritia flexuosa) COLLECTED IN THE CITY OF DIAMANTINO – MTS1

ABSTRACT Buriti is a fruit with potential for economic exploitation due to its nutritional components; however, there are few studies about their post-harvest characteristics. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical characteristics and analyze the antioxidant activity of Buriti pulp. Fruits were harvested at full maturity stage, sanitized, pulped and stored under refrigeration until freezing. Then, pulp was submitted to the following analyses: moisture, protein, total carbohydrates and reducing carbohydrates, ashes, lipids, crude fiber, water activity, titratable acidity (TA), pH, color, ß-carotene, a-carotene, antioxidant activity and total energy value (TEV). Analyses were performed in triplicate, and the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient were determined. Fruit pulp presented 0.98 of water activity, TA of 8.82g/100 g of citric acid, pH 3.78, 59.69% of moisture, 20.92% of fat, 8.56 % of crude fiber, 1.04% of ash, 7.28% of total carbohydrates, 4.50% of reducing carbohydrates, 9098µg/100g of ß carotene and 10086µg/100g of a-carotene. TEV found was 228.28 kcal/100g, the color analysis showed that the pulp has an average light tint value of L * = 59.69, with high hue H * = 68.36 and vivid color with C *= 62.03. Regarding the antioxidant activity, it was observed that Buriti is a fruit that can be used to combat oxidation, as it reduced by 82.42% the amount DPPH reagent used.