Analysis Macrozoobenthos Diversity in Way Kalam Waterfall Tourism Lampung Selatan Regency

This study aims to determine the diversity index of macrozoobenthos and determine the physico-chemical parameters that exist in Way Kalam Waterfall Tourism, South Lampung. This type of research is descriptive quantitative, sampling was carried out at three research stations including macrozoobenthos samples and measurements of physical and chemical parameters of the waters (temperature, brightness, pH, DO, COD, and BOD) using purposive random sampling technique. Sampling macrozoobenthos on the bottom of the water using a shovel. The results showed that the obtained macrozoobenthos consisted of 3 phyla, 4 classes, 6 orders, 9 families, and 63 individuals. The macrozoobenthos diversity index value obtained was in the moderate category. The diversity index value is in the stable community category, and the dominance index is in the low category. The results of the measurement of physical parameters and chemical parameters showed that the waters of the Way Kalam Waterfall tour were not polluted.

Persistence of functional microbiota composition across generations

Holobionts are defined as a host and its microbiota, however, only a fraction of the bacteria are inherited vertically and thus coevolve with the host. The “it’s the song, not the singer” theory proposes that functional traits, instead of taxonomical microbiota composition, could be preserved across generations if interspecies interaction patterns perpetuate themselves. We tested conservation of functional composition across generations using zooplankton, mosquito, and plant datasets. Then, we tested if there is a change of functional microbiota composition over time within a generation in human datasets. Finally, we simulated microbiota communities to investigate if (pairwise) interactions can lead to multiple stable community compositions. Our results suggest that the vertically transmitted microbiota starts a predictable change of functions performed by the microbiota over time, whose robustness depends on the arrival of diverse migrants. This succession culminates in a stable functional composition state. The results suggest that the host-microbiota interaction and higher order interactions in general have an important contribution to the robustness of the final community. If the proposed mechanism proves to be valid for a diverse array of host species, this would support the concept of holobionts being used as units of selection, including animal breeding, suggesting this has a wider applicability.

The Making of Nordic Monasticism, c. 1076–c. 1350

The introduction of regular religious life in the Nordic region is less well-documented than in the neighbouring kingdoms of northern Europe. In the absence of well-preserved manuscript and material remains, unfounded and sometimes distorting suppositions have been made about the timeline of monastic settlement and the character of the conventual life it brought. Recent archival and archaeological research can offer fresh insights into these questions. The arrival of authentic regular life may have been as early as the second quarter of the eleventh century in Denmark and Iceland, but there was no secure or stable community in any part of Scandinavia until the turn of the next century. A settled monastic network arose from a compact between the leadership of the secular church and the ruling elite, a partnership motivated as much by the shared pursuit of political, social and economic power as by any personal piety. Yet, the force of this patronal programme did not inhibit the development of monastic cultures reflected in books, original writings, church and conventual buildings, which bear comparison with the European mainstream.

Magic Circles

Despite technological change, two elements of the Beatles fan community remain stable: community and artistic expression. Fans want to communicate with fellow enthusiasts. In addition, fans want to contribute to that community, whether through fan fiction, fanzines, books, online discussion groups, YouTube channels, or podcasts. In the 1960s and 1970s, fans bonded primarily in person at record stores, concerts, and fan conventions. Desktop publishing and personal computers let fans design their own fanzines at lower cost. Then the internet changed how fans network and how they contribute to participatory culture. This chapter examines these trends and how fans today communicate with one another and ensure the Beatles’ legacy among younger generations. A survey of multigenerational fans and an interview with a video blogger further illustrate how fans connect today. Two forms of Henry Jenkins’s participatory culture will be applied to how technology has impacted Beatles fandom: affiliation and expression.

Node Trust: an effective method to detect non-overlapping community in social networks

Social networks are made up of members in society and the social relationships established by the interaction between members. Community structure is an essential attribute of social networks. The question arises that how can we discover the community structure in the network to gain a deep understanding of its underlying structure and mine information from it? In this paper, we introduce a novel community detection algorithm NTCD (Community Detection based on Node Trust). This is a stable community detection algorithm that does not require any parameters settings and has nearly linear time complexity. NTCD determines the community ownership of a node by studying the relationship between the node and its neighbor communities. This relationship is called Node Trust, representing the possibility that the node is in the current community. Node Trust is also a quality function, which is used for community detection by seeking maximum. Experiments on real and synthetic networks show that our algorithm has high accuracy in most data sets and stable community division results. Additionally, through experiments on different types of synthetic networks, we can conclude that our algorithm has good robustness.

PATHOBIOM: STAGES OF FORMATION AND WAYS OF MANAGEMENT

An increase in the incidence and mortality of the population from pathologies associated with the formation of the pathobiome as a stable community of microorganisms occurs simultaneously with an increase in the proportion of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in these communities. The formation of a pathobiome inevitably leads to the development of an immunodeficiency state and an increase in sensitivity to viral infections. The paper describes the stages of pathobiome formation and its main characteristics. Approaches have been formulated to prevent its pathobiome formation or reduce its stability, ensuring the effectiveness of correction. Experimental studies of pathobiome formation are described.