PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU TERHADAP PROSES PENYULINGAN MINYAK SEREH WANGI (Cimbopogon nardus l.)

ABSTRAK Ekstraksi adalah suatu proses pemisahan suatu zat berdasarkan perbedaan kelarutannya terhadap dua cairan tidak saling larut yang berbeda. Pengambilan ekstrak minyak atsiri dapat dilakukan dengan tiga metode yaitu penyulingan atau destilasi, ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut, dan melalui pengepresan atau penekanan.Pada percobaan ini metode yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak minyak dari daun sereh wangi dilakukan dengan cara penyulingan. Adapun tujuan dari percobaan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu dan suhu penyulingan pada proses pengambilan minyak atsiri. Adapun prosedur penelitian dimulai dengan ukuran daun sereh diperkecil terlebih dahulu. Kemudian ditimbang sereh sebanyak 500 gram. Dimasukkan air sebanyak 500 mL sebagai pelarut, setelah itu baru ditambahkan daun sereh wangi kedalam alat penyulingan. Proses penyulingan dilakukan pada suhu 120 ℃ dengan variasi waktu penyulingan (3, 3,5, 4, 4,5 dan 5) jam. Hasil penyulingan kemudian dilakukan pemisahan, untuk memisahkan air yang masih terkandung didalam minyak. Ulangi prosedur diatas dengan suhu yang berbeda. Hasil dari penelitian yang didapat yaitu % yield yang terendah didapat pada waktu 3 jam dengan suhu 120 ℃ yaitu 0,998% dan % yield tertinggi didapat pada waktu 5 jam dan pada suhu 120 ℃ yaitu 1,228%. Sedangkan nilai densitas yang terendah diperoleh pada waktu penyulingan 5 jam yaitu 0,882 gr/ml dan nilai densitas tertinggi diperoleh pada waktu 3 jam yaitu 0,886 gr/ml. Kata Kunci: Ekstraksi, Penyulingan, Yield, Densitas, Daun Sereh Wangi ABSTRACT Extraction is a process of separating a substance based on the difference in solubility of two different insoluble liquids. Extracting essential oils can be done in three methods, namely distillation or distillation, extraction using solvents, and pressing or pressing. In this experiment the method used to extract oil from leaves of fragrant lemongrass is done by distillation. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effect of distillation time and temperature on the process of extracting essential oils. The research procedure starts with the size of lemongrass leaves being reduced first. Then weighing 500 grams of lemongrass. Add 500 mL of water as a solvent, then add lemongrass leaves to the distiller. The distillation process was carried out at a temperature of 120 ℃ with variations in distillation time 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours and 5 hours. The distillation is then separated, to separate the water that is still contained in the oil. Repeat the procedure above with a different temperature. The results of the research obtained were the lowest% yield obtained at 3 hours with a temperature of 120 ℃ which was 0.998% and the highest% yield was obtained at 5 hours and at a temperature of 120 ℃ ie 1.282%. While the lowest density value obtained at the time of 5 hours distillation is 0.882 gr / ml and the highest density value obtained at 3 hours is 0.886 gr / ml. Keywords: Extraction, Distillation, Yield, Density, Fragrant Citronella Leaves

Kinerja Internal Reboiler Tipe Vertical Tubular Baffle pada Proses Distilasi Etanol secara Batch

The performance of ethanol distillation is determined by the type of reboiler used in the distillation column. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in diameter and height of internal reboiler tubes, as well as feed content on ethanol distillate concentration and distillation yield. The research was conducted on a batch ethanol distillation process using a rectified distillation device with an internal vertical tubular baffle reboiler using different diameters and tube height, namely 1.5, 1, and 0.5 inches of diameter, and 8, 6, and 4 cm of tube heights. Materials or feeds in this study were ethanol solutions with levels of 10%, 20%, and 30% v/v. The results showed that the highest ethanol distillate content of 97.17% v/v (average) was achieved in the distillation process using an internal reboiler with a diameter of 0.5”, a tube height of 8 cm, and a feed content of 10%. Geometry affected the heat transfer process in the internal reboiler of a distillation device so that it affected the distillation results.Keywords: distillation; ethanol; internal reboiler: performanceA B S T R A KKinerja alat distilasi etanol ditentukan oleh jenis reboiler yang digunakan pada kolom distilasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh perbedaan diameter dan tinggi tabung internal reboiler, serta kadar umpan terhadap kadar etanol distilat dan rendemen distilasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada proses distilasi etanol secara batch menggunakan alat distilasi rektifikasi dengan internal reboiler jenis Vertical Tubular Baffle yang berbeda ukuran diameter dan tinggi tabungnya, yaitu diameter 1,5, 1 dan 0,5 inci, serta tinggi tabung 8, 6 dan 4 cm. Bahan atau umpan pada penelitian ini adalah larutan etanol berkadar 10%, 20% dan 30% v/v. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kadar etanol distilat yang paling tinggi dengan kadar rata-rata 97,17% v/v dicapai pada proses distilasi dengan internal reboiler berukuran diameter 0,5 inci, dan tinggi tabung 8 cm dan kadar umpan 10%. Geometri berpengaruh pada proses perpindahan panas di dalam internal reboiler suatu alat distilasi sehingga berpengaruh terhadap hasil distilasi.Kata kunci: distilasi; etanol; internal reboiler; kinerja

How to Efficiently Produce Ultrapure Acids

Subboiling distillation has been used since two decades for the purification of analytical grade acids from inorganic contaminants and demonstrated an efficient method to obtain pure acids starting from reagent grade chemicals. Nevertheless, the effect of the subboiling parameters on the purity of the distilled acids has never been methodically investigated. Aim of the present research is a systematic evaluation of the subboiling distillation protocol for the production of pure hydrochloric and nitric acid. In particular, the effect of the subboiling temperature and the number of subsequent distillations was investigated as these parameters were recognised as the most important factors controlling acid purity, acid concentration, and distillation yield. The concentration of twenty elements in the purified acids was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. As a result, the subboiling temperature (up to 82°C) and the number of subsequent distillations (up to four) were demonstrated not to affect the purity of the distilled nitric and hydrochloric acids. Under normal laboratory conditions, the residual elemental concentrations were in most cases below 10 ng/L in both nitric (2.75% w/w) and hydrochloric (0.1 M) blanks. Ultrapure nitric and hydrochloric acids could accordingly be produced under the most favorable conditions, i.e., the highest temperature and one distillation process only.

Acidolysis-dominated pretreatment elevates distillation yield and impacts composition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oil from Cuminum cyminum seeds

Proper acidolysis-dominated pretreatment elevates distillation yield and impacts composition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oil from Cuminum cyminum seeds.

Correlation of Crude Oil Steam Distillation Yields With Basic Crude Oil Properties

Steam distillation can occur in reservoirs during steam injection and in-situ combustion processes. To estimate the amount of vaporized oil caused by steam distillation, we established correlations of steam distillation yields with the basic crude oil properties. These correlations were based on steam distillation tests performed on 16 crude oils from various pans of the U.S. The gravity of oils varied from 12 to 40 deg. API [0.99 to 0.83 g/cm3]. The viscosity of oil ranged from 5 to 4,085 cSt [5 to 4085 mm /s] at 100 deg. F [38 deg. C]. The steam distillations were performed at a saturated steam pressure of 220 psia [1.5 MPa]. One oil sample was used in experiments to investigate the effect of steam pressure (220 to 500 psia [1.5 to 3.4 MPa]) on the steam distillation yield. The experiments were carried out to a steam distillation factor (Vw/Voi) of 20, with the factor defined as the cumulative volume of condensed steam used in distillation, Vw, divided by the initial volume of oil, Voi. At a steam distillation factor of 20, the distillation yields ranged from 13 to 57% of the initial oil volume. Several basic crude oil properties can be used to predict steam distillation yields reasonably well. A correlation using oil viscosity in centistokes at 100 deg. F [38 deg. C] can be used to predict the steam distillation yield within a standard error of 4.3 %. The API gravity can be used to estimate wields within 5.6%. A gas chromatographic analysis was made for each crude oil to obtain the component boiling points (simulated distillation temperatures). A correlation parameter was selected from the simulated distillation results that can be used to estimate the steam distillation yields within 4.5%. Introduction Steamflooding has been used commercially to recover heavy oils for several decades. Although it is considered a heavy-oil recovery process, it has been demonstrated to be an effective and commercially feasible process for recovering light oils. To enhance the effectiveness of the oil recovery process, it is important to fully understand and utilize the basic steamflooding mechanisms. Willman et al. investigated the mechanisms of steamflooding. They concluded that oil viscosity reduction, oil volume expansion, and steam distillation are the major mechanisms for oil recovery. Since then, more research has been done on all phases of steam injection. However, steam distillation and its ramifications on recovery have not been quantified fully because of lack of experimental data. Steam distillation can lower the boiling point of a water/oil mixture below the boiling point of the individual components. SPEJ P. 937^