GC analysis of different parts of Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth for fatty acid composition

The study evaluated the fatty acid profile of Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth plant parts. PUFAs were predominant in seed and leaf, except flower, which showed a higher amount of SFAs. Leaf exhibited the highest content of linolenic acid. cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid was the major fatty acid observed in leaf and seed. Another health beneficial n-6 FA observed in seed was cis-13,16-Docosadienoic acid. The C18:2n6c: C18:3n3c ratio of 4.75:1 confirms plant seed as an ideal source of n-6 FAs.

Serum Urate, PUFAs and Abdominal Obesity in Hispanic Children: The Viva La Familia Study

Objectives Elevated serum urate is known to increase chronic kidney and cardiovascular disease risk. Studies in adults have shown inverse association between serum urate and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Here, we aimed to determine the relationship between serum levels of PUFAs and urate in overweight/obese Hispanic children of the Viva La Familia Study (VFS) and then test whether it is mediated by obesity and insulin resistance. Methods VFS was designed to determine the genetic and environmental effects on childhood obesity. n-3 (EPA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) and n-6 (arachidonic acid (AA), linoleic acid (LA), eicosadienoic and docosadienoic acid) PUFAs were measured as part of metabolomic profiling (N = 782). Quantitative genetic and phenotypic analyses were conducted using SOLAR. Mediation analysis was conducted using Baron and Kenny approach with waist circumference (WC), BMIZ and HOMA (measures of obesity and insulin resistance) as mediators. Results Phenotypic correlations showed that serum urate was positively associated with LA (β = 0.08 (0.02), P < 0.0001), ALA (β = 0.03 (0.01), P < 0.05), eicosadienoic (β = 0.09 (0.02), P < 0.0001) and docosadienoic acid (β = 0.04 (0.007), P < 0.0001). Further analysis showed inverse genetic correlations between serum urate and EPA (rhog = −0.30 (0.14), P < 0.05), BMIZ (rhog = 0.45 (0.12), P < 0.005) and waist circumference (rhog = 0.42 (0.11), P < 0.005). The genetic correlation between serum urate and EPA remained significant after adjustment for BMIZ (rhog = −0.27 (0.13), P < 0.05) and HOMA (rhog = −0.23 (0.13), P < 0.05). However, it was no longer significant after adjustment for WC (rhog = −0.21 (0.13), P = 0.10). No statistical significance was observed for other PUFAs. Conclusions Our genetic analysis suggests pleiotropic relationship between EPA and serum urate levels as observed in adults. This relationship seems to be mediated by WC, a surrogate measure for abdominal obesity, but not by BMIZ or HOMA. Further investigations are warranted to determine the role of EPA in reducing serum urate and its implications for associated diseases. Funding Sources NIDDK.

Fatty acid compositions and atherogenic and thrombogenic indices ofcommonly consumed marine, brackish and fresh water fishes

The fatty acid contents of marine, brackish and fresh water fishes were identified and quantified by gas chromatography. It was found that marine fishes were better sources of n-3 fatty acids, whereas fresh and brackish water fishes were better sources of n-6 fatty acids. Marine fish had the highest amount of PUFA. Among PUFAs, docosadienoic acid (C22:2n6) and adrenic acid (C22:4n6) were identified in 20 fishes. EPA and DHA was significantly higher in marine fishes (p less gthan 0.01), particularly, Dussumieria acuta, the rainbow sardine (24.80 mg g-1). Gerres abbreviates, the silver belly (20.16 mg g-1) and Tricusurus savala, the wolf herring (23.34 mg g-1). The n-3: n-6 ratio was significantly higher in marine fishes (p less gthan 0.05) than in the brackish and fresh water fishes studied. Atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity(TI) values were significantly higher in both fresh and brackish water fishes and significantly lower (p less gthan 0.01) in marine fishes.