Regional anaesthesia and perioperative medicine

The practice of regional anaesthesia has advanced rapidly, with well-defined benefits such as reducing pain, reduced opioid consumption, and improved quality of early recovery. Challenges include extending the benefit beyond the immediate postoperative period, improving access for patients and defining the long-term effects.

International Welfare Spillovers of National Pension Schemes

We employ a two-country overlapping-generations model to explore the international dimension of household portfolio choices induced by the asymmetric provision of government-run pensions. We study the resulting patterns of risk-sharing and the corresponding welfare effects on both home and foreign agents. Introducing the defined benefits pay-as-you-go system at home increases the welfare of all other agents at the expense of the home workers and improves the degree of intergenerational risk sharing abroad. Conversely, a defined contributions system leads to welfare losses of both home cohorts accompanied by gains abroad, but does increase the extent of intergenerational risk sharing at home.

Komparácia vybraných metód využiteľných v manažmente rizík projektov

The project Is effective if the goals and defined benefits of the project are appropriately set, the risks are assessed in detail with the subsequent implementation of measures to minimize them and the correction of project activities. Effective risk assessment and management requires the interaction of several factors and functions that will keep the implementation of the project in the right direction regardless of the problem addressed. During the project activity, project managers must follow appropriate methods and procedures in the field of risk assessment and management. The choice of an appropriate method depends on the nature of the project as well as the knowledge of the project manager, but it is essential that risk management is implemented in project management from the very beginning of the project idea and purpose to its implementation and sustainability. The aim of the article is to provide managers with an overview of the methods and procedures used in project risk management that will help prevent the difficulty of meeting the set project boundaries and objectives.

Analisis Pengakuan, Pengukuran dan Pengungkapan Imbalan Pasca Kerja Berdasarkan PSAK No. 24 (revisi 2013) dan Dampak Perubahannya terhadap Laporan Keuangan Pada Perusahaan Yang Terdaftar Dalam Bursa efek Indonesia

Every established company certainly hopes that the company can grow rapidly, advance and have a long life. The survival of a company depends very much on what the company produces through the performance of the workers in the company. A worker will give a maximum performance if they get satisfaction from the results of their work. The satisfaction of these workers can be given through employee benefits that are appropriate for their work. With employee benefits, workers will provide maximum and good performance and have a sense of loyalty to the company. The purpose of this study was to find out how the application of PSAK No.24 (revised 2013) regarding post-employment benefits in a company, the suitability of recognition, measurement and disclosure and the impact of the application of PSAK No. 24 (Revised 2013). The author conducted research at PT. Indonesian Telecommunications.Tbk and PT. Blue Bird.Tbk. The results of the study show that the two companies have implemented post-employment benefits in accordance with PSAK No.24 (revised 2013). PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia.TbK implements both post-employment benefits programs, namely defined benefits and definite contributions, while for PT. Bird Bird.Tbk only implements a defined contribution program. Because both companies have implemented PSAK No. 24 (Revised 2013) which took effect on January 1, 2015 then the financial statements of the two companies must be reviewed. Therefore, both companies should maintain their consistency in implementing PSAK No.24 in accordance with the applicable regulations. Because employee benefits are a large operating expenses of the company and can affect the company's profit.

A Multiattribute Benefits-Based Choice Model with Multiple Mediators: New Insights for Positioning

Previous research has demonstrated that consumers evaluate products according to their perceived benefits when making a choice. This article extends prior work by proposing a method that evaluates the degree to which multiple a priori defined benefits mediate product choices. The model is the first to consider process heterogeneity—that is, heterogeneity in how consumers perceive multiple attributes to positively or negatively affect multiple benefits simultaneously and the contribution of each benefit to product utility. The authors propose discrete choice experiments to holistically measure the link between attributes and benefits, as well as between attributes and choice, resulting in data that can be analyzed with a generalized probit model. The approach contributes to mediation research by offering an alternative method of handling multiple multinomial mediators and dichotomous outcome variables. An empirical illustration of bread choices shows how consumer judgments about health and value perceptions of products mediate purchase decisions. The authors demonstrate how the method can help managers (1) confirm and test existing knowledge about latent benefits, including whether they explain all the variation in choice, and (2) consider process heterogeneity to inform market segmentation strategies.

Part IV Guide to Key Substantive Issues, 23 The MFN Clause and Its Evolving Boundaries

This chapter discusses most-favoured-nation (MFN) clauses from early references in trade agreements to contemporary references in investor-state arbitrations. MFN clauses originated in early international trade practice and have continued to be incorporated in modern trade and investment treaties, both bilateral and multilateral. Their intended purpose is to lessen discrimination and encourage the growth of trade and foreign investment by ensuring that certain defined benefits accorded to one set of States (or their nationals, investments, goods, etc.) are extended to other States (or their nationals, investments, goods, etc.). In the investment treaty context, some commentators have observed that the right to a favourable dispute settlement mechanism is the primary concern of foreign investors, and investors often invoke MFN clauses to secure procedural rights that might otherwise be unavailable to them.

Trust and privacy in the context of user-generated health data

This study identifies and explores evolving concepts of trust and privacy in the context of user-generated health data. We define “user-generated health data” as data captured through devices or software (whether purpose built or commercially available) and used outside of traditional clinical settings for tracking personal health data. The investigators conducted qualitative research through semistructured interviews (n = 32) with researchers, health technology start-up companies, and members of the general public to inquire why and how they interact with and understand the value of user-generated health data. We found significant results concerning new attitudes toward trust, privacy, and sharing of health data outside of clinical settings that conflict with regulations governing health data within clinical settings. Members of the general public expressed little concern about sharing health data with the companies that sold the devices or apps they used, and indicated that they rarely read the “terms and conditions” detailing how their data may be exploited by the company or third-party affiliates before consenting to them. In contrast, interviews with researchers revealed significant resistance among potential research participants to sharing their user-generated health data for purposes of scientific study. The widespread rhetoric of personalization and social sharing in “user-generated culture” appears to facilitate an understanding of user-generated health data that deemphasizes the risk of exploitation in favor of loosely defined benefits to individual and social well-being. We recommend clarification and greater transparency of regulations governing data sharing related to health.

The Fisher Hypothesis and Its Implications for Defined Benefits

Asset liability management is often employed for managing the risks associated with defined benefits.