Vandal Glass Heat Distribution and the Effect of Glass Gap Adjustments in Outdoor Digital Display Components

The use of computational fluid dynamics/heat transfer (CFD/HT) software has become common in exploring the thermal and hydrodynamic behavior of many electronic products. Well-designed CFD/HT models are very valuable for driving the product design, but accurate models can be difficult to develop in some cases for a practical use. In CFD/HT modeling of outdoor digital displays, both the surrounding ambient temperature and solar irradiance are the major contributors to temperature rise, but most software packages are limited in simulating solar irradiance through semitransparent materials and multiple surfaces. In this study, a methodology to replace the solar irradiance with a power that should be imposed on the sun-exposed exterior glass (vandal glass) is described. As outdoor digital displays face harsher thermal challenges compared to the displays that are deployed indoors, it is necessary to come up with a display design that can best benefit from the cooling effect. There are numerous parameters that can be adjusted to optimize the display in terms of its thermal performance but in particular, this study explores the effect of adjusting the gap distance between the vandal glass and the liquid crystal display (LCD) to see how the maximum LCD temperature and fan performance are influenced.

The Effect of Inlet Water Mass Flow on a Double Glass Solar Still

This article describes a new method for increasing the inlet water temperature of an inclined solar still by utilizing double glass heat condensation by increasing the inlet water temperature, thereby enabling the productivity of an inclined solar still. In a conventional inclined solar still, heat condensation is the energy that is wasted into the environment. This research method uses a combination of simulation and experiments in the laboratory. The simulation was based on the energy balance of the main components of a developed and conventional inclined solar still. The authors found that the water inlet temperature on a developed inclined solar still was affected by the inlet water flow. Our method improves productivity compared to the conventional inclined solar still maximum of 35.2% on the mass flow of inlet water of 3 l/hr. The new method of evaluation was confirmed by simulation and experiments on the variation of inlet water mass flow of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 l/ hr. The current study provides new research results that improve the productivity of an inclined solar still that can be used for purifying water with ease and simplicity, especially when purifying water in remote areas.

Vandal Glass Heat Distribution and the Effect of Glass Gap Adjustments in Outdoor Digital Display Components

The use of computational fluid dynamics/heat transfer (CFD/HT) software has become common in exploring the thermal and hydrodynamic behavior of many electronic products. Well-designed CFD/HT models are very valuable for driving the product design, but accurate models can be difficult to develop in some cases for a practical use. Manufacturing Resources International (MRI) uses CFD/HT modeling to predict the display limitations of outdoor digital displays under various hazardous environmental conditions. Both the surrounding ambient temperature and solar irradiance are the major contributors to temperature rise inside outdoor digital displays, but most CFD/HT software packages are limited in simulating solar irradiance through semi-transparent materials and multiple surfaces. Therefore, the contribution from solar irradiance must be treated with care when creating a CFD/HT model especially when an optimum number of mesh elements is to be used to minimize the necessary processing power and solution computation time. In the current study, we employ true solar testing to determine how much solar irradiance passes through the vandal glass assembly. In lieu of defining the solar irradiance as a heat flux, a methodology to determine the power that should be imposed on the sun-exposed vandal glass is described. As outdoor digital displays face harsher thermal challenges compared to the displays that are deployed indoors, it is necessary to come up with a display design that can best benefit from the cooling effect. There are numerous parameters that can be adjusted to optimize the display in terms of its thermal performance but in particular, this paper explores the effect of adjusting the gap distance between the vandal glass and the liquid crystal display (LCD) to see how the maximum LCD temperature and fan performance are influenced.

REFINEMENT OF REPAIR PROCEDURES OF THERMAL GENERATING SET COFFERING

Different repair procedures for coffering of thermal generating set from fireclay refractory are viewed. To improve repair technologies the authors propose formulations of soluble-glass heat resistant plactic compositions with spread effect raised from metallic aluminum in the form of fine-dispersed particles. Coffering is treated by method of liquid phosphate bond deep impregnation to enhance thermal and chemical resistance of coffering repair surface. Phosphate bonds permit to enhance density and resistance of compositions based on any binding substance.

Development of Mica-Based Glass-Ceramic with 4 Mol% of Fluorapatite

SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, MgF2, SrCO3, CaCO3, CaF2 and P2O5 were used to prepare machinable glass-ceramic with 4 mol% of fluorapatite for restorative dental applications. XRD showed that the glass heat treated at 792°C (the first crystallization temperature+20°C) for 6 hours consisted of calcium-mica, fluorapatite, strontium apatite, anorthite, forsterite, fluorite and stishovite crystalline phases. The microstructures of the resultant glass-ceramic, observed by SEM, were found to exhibit plate-like mica crystals and many tabular particles embedded in the mica phases. The particles, determined by EDS, were rich in calcium. The three-point bending strength (158 MPa) closely matched that of nature tooth. Average Vickers hardness of the received glass-ceramic (2.6 GPa) was lower than that of natural tooth.

Energy Savings Potential of Heat Reflective Coatings for Residential and Commercial Buildings in Beijing

Analyzed and calculated the energy savings of heat reflective coatings applied on multi-storied residential buildings and high-risen commercial buildings in Beijing. Some advices about the application of heat reflective coatings in northern cold region are given. Energy saving effect was evaluated with the building energy simulation in winter and summer while the heat reflective coating is applied on the surface of residential buildings and commercial buildings. Calculating results showed that the energy saving is the most optimal to the multi-storied buildings when the cool roof coatings is coated on the roofs and the glass heat reflective coating is applied on east and west windows. With the high-risen commercial building, the energy saving is noticeable when the glass curtain wall is coated with glass heat reflective coatings. The energy saving rate can reach a maximum of 13%.