Prioritizing suitable locations for underground dam construction in south east of Bushehr Province

The solutions to deal with the water crisis are summarized into two strategies for managing water resources and extraction of new sources of water. In Iran, due to geographical and climatic conditions, water resources management has a high priority . One of the methods to control and store water in wet periods for using in dry periods is construction of underground dams. The most important problem in the development and creation of underground dams is the complexity of determining the suitable areas for the dams. Developing underground dams can be a viable solution to prevent land use change, the gradual drainage of groundwater and out of reach. The present study was conducted to find the underground dams using Boolean logic and for priority of underground dam sites using MCDM methods include AHP, ANP, VIKOR, TOPSIS and ELECTRE III in four provinces of Bushehr, Tangestan, Dashti, and Jam in southern Iran. The results obtained by Boolean logic showed that the total area of the studied site had about 305 km potential for underground dam construction. In the next step, according to Google Earth images and based on different indices including, axial length, reservoir, lithology, distance from village and roads, 23 potential axes were identified afterward, by extensive field surveys, among these 23 potential axes, 6 locations were identified as suitable locations. In order to prioritize these six areas, the MCDM models were used. Finally, the results of the MCDM models showed that sites have different ranks of 1 to 6 for constructing underground dams. In the end for determined the final rank using Copeland method that result showed Zayer Abbasi site was in the first priority and Faghih Hasenan site is in sixth priority. ANP and AHP method near the Copeland method.

A seca de 2012-2014 no município de Taperoá-PB e o papel das ações de convivência nesse contexto

O presente artigo buscou identificar e analisar os impactos sociais, econômicos e ambientais da seca de 2012-2014 no município de Taperoá-PB e o papel das ações de convivência nesse contexto. A identificação dos impactos foi realizada utilizando-se o método de listagem descritiva check-list, dados bibliográficos e documentais. Para analisar as variáveis socioeconômicas e as ações de convivência foram utilizados os mesmos materiais dos impactos, exceto o check-list. Os impactos continuaram porque faltou recursos financeiros para implantar programas e as políticas públicas de convivência não foram efetivas, só aparecendo com maior intensidade quando a região estava prejudicada pela seca. Para redução dos impactos é necessário aumentar o número de cisternas, principalmente a calçadão. É necessário também perfurar poços e construir açudes, além de fazer manutenção nos que estejam com capacidade reduzida ou desativados; construir barragens subterrâneas e tanques naturais; terminar e colocar em funcionamento a Transposição do Rio São Francisco; incentivar a gestão dos recursos hídricos, criar programas que visem o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, incentivando a fenação, silagem, meliponicultura, apicultura, criação de animais e plantas adaptados à região, dentre muitos outros. The drought of 2012-2014 in the municipality of Taperoá-PB and the role of the coexistence actions in this context A B S T R A C TThe present article sought to identify and analyze the social, economic and environmental impacts of the drought of 2012-2014 in the municipality of Taperoá-PB and the role of the coexistence actions in this context. The identification of impacts was performed using the method of descriptive listing check-list, bibliographic and documentary data. To analyze the socioeconomic variables and of actions of living together were used same materials of the impacts, except the check-list. The impacts continued because they lack financial resources to implement programs and public coexistence policies were not effective, only appearing with greater intensity when the region was hampered by drought. To reduce the impacts is to increase the number of cisterns, especially the boardwalk. You also need to drill wells and build dams, in addition to maintenance on that are with reduced or deactivated capacity; building underground dams and natural ponds; finished and put into operation the Transposition of the São Francisco River; encourage the management of water resources, create programs aimed at strengthening family farming, encouraging haymaking, silage, meliponiculture, beekeeping and the husbandry of animals and plants adapted to the region.Keywords: impact; family farming; livestock.

Avaliação do Potencial de Aproveitamento de Aluviões para a Construção de Barragens Subterrâneas no Semiárido Pernambucano

Diante da histórica escassez de recursos hídricos na região semiárida, é notória a necessidade de se encontrar novas fontes de obtenção e armazenamento de água, seja para o consumo humano e animal ou para produção agrícola. A implantação de barragens subterrâneas no semiárido brasileiro pode contribuir de forma positiva na melhoria do abastecimento humano em comunidades rurais, além do fornecimento de água para o consumo animal e para produção de alimentos. Como sua construção se dá sobre os solos aluviais, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o potencial de aproveitamento desses solos no estado de Pernambuco para a implantação de barragens subterrâneas e verificar as áreas passíveis de salinização para a escolha adequada desse tipo de intervenção. A área de estudo corresponde ao estado de Pernambuco, em que a presença de solos aluviais foi observada por bacia hidrográfica, utilizando os dados do Zoneamento Agroecológico do Estado de Pernambuco (ZAPE). Com a mesma base de dados foram selecionados os solos com características salinas e estimada, por aluvião, a capacidade de armazenamento de água. Foi possível verificar que o estado de Pernambuco apresenta consideráveis áreas de solos aluviais, com potencial para aproveitamento das águas subterrâneas e para construção de barragens subterrâneas, bem como identificar as regiões onde a implantação desse tipo de obra deve ser mais restritiva por conta do risco de salinização. Evaluation of the Alluvial Use Potential for a Construction of Underground Dams in the Semi-Arid Region of PernambucoA B S T R A C TGiven the historical scarcity of water resources in the semi-arid region, it is clear the need to find new sources for obtaining and storing water, either for human and animal consumption or for agricultural production. The establishment of underground dams in the Brazilian semi-arid region can contribute positively to the improvement of human supply in rural communities, as well as the supply of water for animal consumption and food production. As its construction takes place on alluvial soils, the present study aims to evaluate the potential use of alluvial soils in the state of Pernambuco for the implantation of underground dams and to verify the salinization areas for the appropriate choice of this type of intervention. The study area corresponds to the state of Pernambuco, where the presence of alluvial soils was observed by watershed, using data from Pernambuco State Agroecological Zoning (ZAPE). With the same database were selected soils with saline characteristics and estimated, in each alluvium, water storage capacity. It was possible to verify that the state of Pernambuco has areas considerable of alluvial soils, with potential for groundwater utilization and for the construction of underground dams, as well as to identify the regions where the implementation of this type of work should be more restrictive due to the risk of salinization.Keywords: groundwater, alluvium, subsurface dam, risk of salinization.

Limits and conditions for the exploitation of alluvial aquifers in the Brazilian semi-arid region

ABSTRACT Easily exploitable aquifers are formed along river beds in the Brazilian semi-arid region and present characteristics that enable the construction of underground dams. The estimate of the potential effective exploitation of these aquifers must take into account the pumping limits of the wells, the upstream groundwater inflows and the flows to downstream reaches and through the underground dam, whose reduction influences the downstream supply. The current research presents a real case study about an aquifer reach, with underground dam and wells, which was analyzed through computational model. We simulated the groundwater flow patterns according to different exploitation scenarios and found that there should be water extraction limitations to assure the required downstream flows. The limitations can be minimized through appropriate well locations and exploitation regimes, as well as through the implementation of underground dams. The definition of these measures becomes possible through the sound use of computational simulation, but their effective implementation will depend on negotiations among users at the basin scale, so that appropriate water permits can be issued.

GPR 3D PROFILE OF THE ADEQUATENESS OF UNDERGROUND DAMS IN A SUB-WATERSHED OF THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID

ABSTRACT The conventional method monitoring and adequateness of underground dams requires invasive investigatory actions with in their interior structure and only provides specific information for small volumes. On the contrary, application of non-invasive sensing techniques, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), makes it possible to investigate and explore underground without affecting their structure. A GRP 3D profile was acquired with the aim to allot and monitor an underground dam in the Brazilian semiarid region in the alluvial sub-watershed of the Riacho Pau Lavrado in the Sertão Central de Lajes region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte in Brazil. The GPR profile records were acquired along an alluvial section, processed using the Reflex 5 software and exported into the Opendetec 4.4.0 software in order to obtain a virtual 3D model. The GPR 3D profile of the alluvial deposits shows irregularities of the crystalline basement and external topographical surface (soil). The interpretation of the alluvial GPR profile allows precise adequateness of the underground dam, which supports an increase in the area of hydric accumulation and promotes low-cost building due to the allocation selected with minor sedimentation.