Techniques for Differentiating Motor and Sensory Fascicles of a Peripheral Nerve—A Review

Differentiating motor and sensory fascicles before anastomosis is essential for achieving an excellent postoperative functional outcome for peripheral mixed nerves injuries. However, identifying them is not easy. There are several techniques to address this important issue. Each identifying technique has its own pros and cons; this narrative review highlights the salient features of each of these. Many of the newer techniques need to be tested in humans before they can be recommended for regular use; till then we have to rely mainly on per operative electrical stimulation of nerve to differentiate between sensory and motor fascicles to improve postoperative functional outcome.

Application of metabolic therapy in pathogenetic treatment of patientes with diabetic foot syndrome

According to modern recommendations concerning the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome, it is necessary along with intensive control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, to use the strategy of early application of agents that promote pathogenetic correction of diabetic polyneuropathy and angiopathy, the main links in the development of lesions of lower extremity tissues. Means of metabolic therapy can counteract the influence of such pathogenetic factors as chronic hyperglycemia, activation of the polyol pathway, oxidative stress, glycation of structural, transport and receptor proteins, disruption of nerve growth and regeneration. Timely administration of alpha-lipoic acid, aldose reductase inhibitors, B-group vitamins, antithrombotics, prevention of glycation and stimulation of nerve growth factors can slow or prevent the passage of SDS into a purulent-necrotic form, reducing the risk of trophic ulceration and amputation.

Stimulation of nerve endings via medical device

This solution describes solution of vibromechanism for stimulation nerve paths and nerve endings injured patients. Medical doctors stimulate nerve paths and nerve endings patients after injury of spine or after another injury where was broken nerve endings. These methods are in primary designed for tetraplegic and paraplegic patients specially for men. For this request was developed device and mechanism for vibrostimulation of nerve paths and nerve endings. In develop of construction has been paying attention to safety of mechanism. Next were taken into account the construction of other devices, especially their shortcomings in the operation on the accumulator. For mains powered vibrators 230 (110) Volt were assessed for safety and noise vibrating mechanism. The sum of all failures was proposed structure described below. The success rate of this vibration method is reported mostly between 60-80%.

Robust Master-Slave Synchronization of Neuronal Systems

The desire to understand physiological mechanisms of neuronal systems has led to the introduction of engineering concepts to explain how the brain works. The synchronization of neurons is a central topic in understanding the behavior of living organisms in neurosciences and has been addressed using concepts from control engineering. We introduce a simple and reliable robust synchronization approach for neuronal systems. The proposed synchronization method is based on a master-slave configuration in conjunction with a coupling input enhanced with compensation of model uncertainties. Our approach has two nice features for the synchronization of neuronal systems: (i) a simple structure that uses the minimum information and (ii) good robustness properties against model uncertainties and noise. Two benchmark neuronal systems, Hodgkin-Huxley and Hindmarsh-Rose neurons, are used to illustrate our findings. The proposed synchronization approach is aimed at gaining insight into the effect of external electrical stimulation of nerve cells.