Estimation of the Bubble Influence on the Imbibed Liquid Measurement During Tight Rock Continuous Imbibition

Bubble influence makes the measured liquid content in rock become less during continuous imbibition because it attaches to the surface of the tight sand increasing the buoyancy of rock in liquid. The imbibition experiment was performed to research this influence. The experiment has two parts. One is the repeated measurement of imbibition with the same sample to investigate the repeatability of the imbibition experiment under the bubble influence. The other part includes the measurement with bubble influence and without bubble influence of the same sample. The results are listed as follows. The repeated measurement of the same rock imbibition reflects a similar characteristic with the bubble influence. The water content is very close with the corresponding imbibition time. This characteristic presents that tight sand imbibition has the characteristic of repeatability, which was the basis for the other experiment. Some different characteristics appear during the measurement of the liquid content with and without bubble influence in the same sample. The liquid content without bubble influence is apparently larger than the liquid content with bubble influence. The difference between the liquid content in these two conditions is small at the end of imbibition time. It becomes larger in the middle imbibition time. The error can reach 50%. It severely influences the accurate evaluation of the imbibition capacity of tight sand. Our research contributes to the acquaintance of liquid imbibition in the formation during hydraulic fracturing and is also conducive to better measure the liquid content through the laboratory experiment.

Research on Influence of Wetting Fluid by Gas Bubble Method to Measure Pore Size Characteristics

In this paper, the experimental of pore diameter distribution characteristics of spunbond and meltblown composite nonwoven is carried out by using of gas bubble method. The influence of 7 kinds of wetting liquid to measurement results is studied, including of Galwick, Porefil, Silpore, Silwick, Dimethyl silicone, Isopropanol and Alcohol. The results show that wetting liquids of Galwick, Silwick and Dimethyl silicone can obtain the consistent value of pore diameter, meanwhile, have nearly normal distribution characteristics of pore diameter. Therefore, the wetting liquids of Galwick, Silwick and Dimethyl silicone are ideal wetting liquid for nonwoven. While the other four kinds of wetting liquid measurement results vary greatly, and don’t show normal distribution, they are not suitable as the wetting liquid of nonwoven by gas bubble method.

Application of Image Processing for Volume Measurement in Multistage Triaxial Tests

To investigate the unsaturated soil properties, the measurement of volume change is dealt with both water and air volume changes. It cannot be defined by using only the volume of water flown in out from the specimen as saturated soil. This paper presents the volume change measurement by using image processing (IP) from the series of consolidated undrained (CU) and constant water content (CW) tests for saturated and unsaturated conditions of soil, respectively. The results, obtained between IP and the cell liquid measurement considered movement of piston and the cell expansion effect with pressure including creep, are good corresponding except the specimen has an irregular deformation.

A Methodology of Multi-Objective Dynamic Liquid Level Measurement Based on Wireless Transmission Technology

A novel real-time distribute dynamic liquid measurement system is proposed with the method based on ideal gas state equation and wireless transmission technology. For the designed system, the constitution and working process, the sensitivity and stability, the error analysis of multi-objective synchronous acquisition, as well as improvement possibility are all discussed in detail. Critical parameters representing dynamic liquid volumes in distribute closed multi-objectives could be collected over some distance and resolved in the center of the system in real-time. The results show that the total accuracy of the designed system could be better than 2% within usable measurement range, if some key detectors were carefully selected.