A New Model for Constant Fuel Utilization and Constant Fuel Flow in Fuel Cells

This paper presents a new model of fuel cells for two different modes of operation: constant fuel utilization control (constant stoichiometry condition) and constant fuel flow control (constant flow rate condition). The model solves the long-standing problem of mixing reversible and irreversible potentials (equilibrium and non-equilibrium states) in the Nernst voltage expression. Specifically, a Nernstian gain term is introduced for the constant fuel utilization condition, and it is shown that the Nernstian gain is an irreversibility in the computation of the output voltage of the fuel cell. A Nernstian loss term accounts for an irreversibility for the constant fuel flow operation. Simulation results are presented. The model has been validated against experimental data from the literature.

Principal Component Analysis on the Twitter Data in the Restaurant Industry

Social Networking Service (SNS) is prevailing rapidly in Japan in recent years. Facebook, mixi and Twitter are the popular one. These are utilized in various field of life together with the convenient tool such as smart-phone. In this paper, principal component analysis and cluster analysis are executed in order to clarify the relationship among the corporate performance and the SNS utilization condition. We focus on restaurant industry and convenience store industry, where marketing competition which utilizes SNS to consumers is fierce. Marketing application would then be extracted. Reviewing past researches, there are some related papers, but they do not handle these analysis techniques. Moreover there have been few researches made on our theme stated above. Some interesting results were obtained.

Main Constraints and Solutions for Urban Sewage Reclamation

Urban sewage recycling is one of the effective ways to improve ecological environment and to alleviate water supply and demand contradiction in urban areas. This paper analyzes the utilization condition and main constraints of recycling water in China, and believes that too many quality standards for recycling water lead to complex pipe network, and another main factor restraining sewage reclamation is the shortage of buffer storage link of recycling water. The author suggests incorporating the types and standards of recycling water to simplify pipe network, decentralize the reuse and use landscape water surface as a solution for buffer storage, and combining the four feasible recycling water modes being brought forward in the practices in China.