The Meaning of Verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa in Quran: No to Violence

The keywords of Verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa come with various meanings, each of which enables us to know a distinct aspect, meaning and matter. Each aspect, i.e., meanings proposed by commentators, translators, and scholars throughout history for this verse, is according to a distinct wonted system of the family in history. "Zarb" does not mean assault or any form of violence against women. Rather, it means a practical action to inspire disobedient women to obey the legitimate rights of their spouse.

The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (Paces) as a Two-Dimensional Scale: Exploratory and Invariance Analysis

ing two correlated but distinct dimensions of enjoyment. In total, 277 individuals (female = 108) aged between 18 and 53 years (M = 35.66; SD = 7.42) participated in the study. The unidimensional model solution displayed good fit. However, the exploratory structural equation modelling specification considering two correlated but distinct dimensions of enjoyment showed a better fit. This study was the first attempt to examine the possible existence of two dimensions within the eight-item PACES measure. The distinct aspect of the current research is to emphasize the complex and constant process of instrument validation. Scales should be viewed as a continuous process, and future methodological procedures will increase our understanding of instrument examination with more innovative statistical approaches.

ALC1 links chromatin accessibility to PARP inhibitor response in homologous recombination deficient cells

The response to Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) is dictated by homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair mechanisms and the abundance of lesions that trap PARP enzymes on chromatin. It remains unclear, however, if the established role of PARP in promoting chromatin accessibility impacts viability in these settings. Using a CRISPR based screen, we identify the PAR-binding Snf2-like ATPase, ALC1/CHD1L, as a key determinant of PARPi toxicity in HR-deficient cells. ALC1 loss reduced viability of BRCA mutant cells and enhanced their sensitivity to PARPi by up to 250-fold, while overcoming several known resistance mechanisms. ALC1 loss was not epistatic to other repair pathways that execute the PARPi response. Instead, ALC1 deficiency reduced chromatin accessibility concomitant with a decrease in the association of repair factors. This resulted in an accumulation of replication associated DNA damage and a reliance on HR. These findings establish PAR-dependent chromatin remodeling as a mechanistically distinct aspect of PARPi responses, implicating ALC1 inhibition as a new approach to overcome therapeutic resistance in HR-deficient cancers.

Seeking theory-practice relations between humanities and fine-arts through practice of painting

In recent years different art and design institutions around the world are increasingly looking at developing programs that are research intensive. Along with this trend, doctoral programs that are art and design practice based are becoming progressively common. There are several debates around the nature and significance of art and design practice as research (Sullivan 2005 Borgdorff, 2010, Eriksson 2010). Many have doubts about the exact nature of knowledge contribution made by these PhD theses. One distinct aspect common to all these programs is that these consider creation of art or design artefacts a part of the research process. This paper will discuss some theoretical view-points and philosophical speculations such as discourse on material of art, performance embodiment, cultural-scientific knowledge behind creation of artefact. The aim is to show that the process oriented and performative aspects of art-practice can come into a meaningful dialogue with traditional humanities. In the present article the author/artist has drawn from the writings of art-historian James Elkins (2000) and philosopher Merleau-Ponty (1964,1993,2008) to analyze her own work and devise a methodology of artistic research. The proposed methodology consists of two theoretical lens that are used to contextualize artist’s work: phenomenology (Merleau-Ponty 1964, 1993, 2008) and elements of auto-ethnography (Alvesson 2003). Thus, this paper develops a methodology that contextualizes artist’s intensely personal process of creation and critically evaluate this process. The result is a methodology of artistic research that can be a bridge between creative performance and critical research.

Bullshit, Inquiry, and Irresponsibility

This chapter teases out some key theoretical issues relating to the extension of the concept of untruthfulness from sincerity to epistemic irresponsibility, or a lack of care with which speakers act in forming, retaining, and conveying their beliefs. It argues that subjective responsibility is already embedded within the nature of assertion, but that epistemic responsibility is also both an intellectual virtue and a moral commitment. The growing work on bullshitting and bullshit enrichens our understanding of epistemically irresponsible discourse, but the focus on relating bullshitting to lying and insincerity prevents us from seeing bullshit as deriving from a distinct aspect of untruthfulness. Instead, taking dogma rather than bullshit as a point of departure opens up this aspect of untruthfulness to broader epistemic concerns. The chapter closes by comparing the recent notion of “negligent false assertion” to the account of epistemic irresponsibility in the TRUST framework.

Gender is a multifaceted concept: evidence that specific life experiences differentially shape the concept of gender

Gender has been the focus of linguistic and psychological studies, but little is known about its conceptual representation. We investigate whether the conceptual structure of gender—as expressed in participants’ free-listing responses—varies according to gender-related experiences in line with research on conceptual flexibility. Specifically, we tested groups that varied by gender identity, sexual orientation, and gender-normativity. We found that different people stressed distinct aspect of the concept. For example, normative individuals mainly relied on a bigenderist conception (e.g., male/female; man/woman), while non-normative individuals produced more aspects related to social context (e.g., queer, fluidity, construction). At a broader level, our results support the idea that gender is a multifaceted and flexible concept, constituted by social, biological, cultural, and linguistic components. Importantly, the meaning of gender is not exhausted by the classical dichotomy opposing sex, a biological fact, with gender as its cultural counterpart. Instead, both aspects are differentially salient depending on specific life experiences.

Genomic Perspective on Mouse Liver Cancer Models

Selecting the most appropriate mouse model that best recapitulates human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) allows translation of preclinical mouse studies into clinical studies. In the era of cancer genomics, comprehensive and integrative analysis of the human HCC genome has allowed categorization of HCC according to molecular subtypes. Despite the variety of mouse models that are available for preclinical research, there is a lack of evidence for mouse models that closely resemble human HCC. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the accurate mouse models that represent human HCC based on molecular subtype as well as histologic aggressiveness. In this review, we summarize the mouse models integrated with human HCC genomic data to provide information regarding the models that recapitulates the distinct aspect of HCC biology and prognosis based on molecular subtypes.

Finite Element Approximation of Optimal Control Problem with Weighted Extended B-Splines

In this research article, an optimal control problem (OCP) with boundary observations is approximated using finite element method (FEM) with weighted extended B-splines (WEB-splines) as basis functions. This type of OCP has a distinct aspect that the boundary observations are outward normal derivatives of state variables, which decrease the regularity of solution. A meshless FEM is proposed using WEB-splines, defined on the usual grid over the domain, R 2 . The weighted extended B-spline method (WEB method) absorbs the regularity problem as the degree of the B-splines is increased. Convergence analysis is also performed by some numerical examples.

The Cultural Economies of Digital Books

An examination of the possible relations between literature and the digital. Each of three recent books, including Zara Dinnen’s The Digital Banal (2018), Andrew Piper’s Enumerations (2018), and Joel Waldfogel’s Digital Renaissance (2018), addresses a distinct aspect of the problem. Dinnen’s study considers the representational effects of social media on literary realism. Waldfogel traces the consequences of digital production and distribution on the culture industries. And Piper demonstrates the evidentiary value of quantitative analysis of literary collections. All three are persuasive within their domains, but none offers the comprehensive theory of the digital that was once the presumptive end of the study of digital books. The article suggests that the implicit renunciation of such a theory in recent work represents a new phase in the investigation of digital literature.