Optimasi formula sampo ekstrak daun pacar air (Impatiens balsamina L.) dengan kombinasi natrium lauril sulfat dan cocamide DEA

Dandruff is an anomalous condition characterized by excessive exfoliation of the horny layer from the scalp. The leaves of the water henna plant (Impatiens balsamina L.) are one of the natural ingredients that have anti-dandruff properties, so they can be used as an active ingredient in making dandruff shampoo. The water henna leaves were extracted using the maceration method with ethanol 96%. Apart from the active ingredients, shampoo also has an important component, namely surfactants. The surfactant used in this study was a combination of sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamide DEA. The purpose of this study was to optimize the surfactant formula of sodium lauryl sulfate and cocamide DEA in water henna leaf extract shampoo. This research was a laboratory experimental research. Formula optimization was done through the Simplex Latice Design (SLD) method approach by making eight formulas. All formulas were evaluated for their physical properties including the foam height test and pH test. The data obtained were processed with Design Expert® software. Based on the physical evaluation of the water henna leaf extract shampoo, the results of the high foam test were 10,025 cm and a pH of 6,12. The results of the acceptability test of shampoo preparations including the parameters of color, smell, texture and viscosity received a fairly good response with the acquisition of values 3,1, 3,3, 3,9 and 4 with information 1 (very dislike), 2 (dislike), 3 (quite like), 4 (like) and 5 (really like). The optimum formula for the shampoo consisting of 5% water henna leaf extract, 1,1863% sodium lauryl sulfate, 19,814% cocamide DEA, 3% CMC, 0,5% citric acid, 0,5% methyl paraben, 0,15% menthol and distilled water had physical properties that meet the requirements of a good shampoo preparation.

Detecting anthropogenic effects on the record-warm northwestern Pacific sea surface temperature in August 2020

<p>August 2020 set a new record high sea surface temperature (SST) in the northwestern Pacific (NWPac; 120°E–180°E, 20°N–35°N). This anomalous condition potentially intensified tropical cyclones such as Typhoon Haishen, causing severe damage to the Korean Peninsula and Japan. Although the NWPac Ocean has gradually warmed due to human-induced greenhouse gas emissions since the mid‐20th century, the extent to which anthropogenic climate changes increase the occurrence likelihood of such regionally unprecedented warm SSTs is unclear yet. Here we analyzed the historical and SSP2-4.5 scenario simulations of CMIP6 and DAMIP as well as observational datasets. Our results show that owing to historical anthropogenic forcing, the occurrence probability of the 2020 record-warm NWPac SST is increased from once-in-1000 years to about once-in-15 years in 2001-2020. As warming caused by greenhouse gases was largely canceled by aerosol cooling, anthropogenic effects on the NWPac SST were not distinguishable from internal variability in the 20th century. The SSP2-4.5 scenario simulations also indicate that the 2020 record-warm SST is becoming a new normal climate condition of August by 2031–2050, or once the global air temperature above preindustrial level exceeds 1.5°C.</p>

Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared Sensor Scene Select Mechanism Open Loop Operations

The Landsat 8 (L8) spacecraft and its two instruments, the operational land imager (OLI) and thermal infrared sensor (TIRS), have been consistently characterized and calibrated since its launch in February 2013. These performance metrics and calibration updates are determined through the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landsat image assessment system (IAS), which has been performing this function since its launch. The TIRS on-orbit geometric calibration procedures include TIRS-to-OLI alignment, TIRS sensor chip assembly (SCA) alignment, and TIRS band alignment. In December 2014, the TIRS instrument experienced an anomalous condition related to the instrument’s ability to accurately measure the location of the scene select mechanism (SSM). The SSM is a rotating mirror that allows the instrument’s field of view to be pointed at the Earth, for normal imaging, or at either deep space or an onboard black body, for radiometric calibration purposes. This anomalous condition in the SSM’s position sensor made it necessary to implement a new mode of operation for this mirror, termed mode-0. Mode-0 involves operating the mirror in an open-loop control state during normal mission operations when acquiring Earth data. Closed-loop mode-4 is needed for directing the mirror towards the radiometric calibration targets and is used approximately once every two weeks to collect radiometric calibration data. Mode-0 is used for most operational imaging because it does not require SSM encoder data, thereby allowing the SSM encoder electronics to remain unpowered most of the time, reducing its use throughout the lifetime of the TIRS instrument, thus helping to preserve its nominal behavior during it use. This paper discusses the geometric calibration of the SSM mirror during its current normal mode-0 set of image operations, as its open-loop control allows the mirror to drift over time in its uncontrolled state and its effects on products. The results shown in this paper demonstrate that the ability to have ongoing updates to the modeling of the TIRS SSM mirror model, in both an automated fashion and with a set of more manual operations, allows accuracy that approaches mode-4 results within days from the start of a mode-0 event.

Reliability monitoring of broadband access networks

One of the critical issues for broadband accesss is how to test the access network infrastructure and quality of optical signal. The installation and powering up of an optical fiber access networks requires measurement techniques for verifying the link has been configured properly and that its constituent components are functioning correctly. Maintenance functions for a broadband optical access network are classified in two main categories: preventive maintenance and post-fault maintenance. The first one consists of: surveillance (to detect degradation in optical fiber components, or any other anomalous condition not preventing the signal transmission,), testing (to measure and locate any detected degradation or anomalous condition) and control (fiber identification and fiber transfer to allow the testing of the link.). In turn second one consisits of: surveillance (to detect alarms or trouble reports and activate a procedure for restoration), testing (to locate the fault and/or verify the carrier performances after the restoration) and remedy (fiber identification, fiber repair or fiber transfer to restore the link).

Negative Selection Algorithm Using Natural Frequency for Novelty Detection under Temperature Variations

The vibration features are affected by damage in structure and environmental conditions while the bridges are in the operation. Environment effects should not be ignored in making correct diagnoses of structures. Negative selection algorithm inspired by immune system has the capability for self-nonself discrimination. Temperature effect on natural frequency is analyzed in the paper, and the algorithm based on Euclidean distance is applied to natural frequencies of structures under temperature variations. The results indicate that negative selection algorithm using natural frequency passes the false-positive tests, and effectively detect the anomalous condition of structure under varying temperature.

An MEG Study of Silent Meaning

Although research on the neural bases of language has made significant progress on how the brain accesses the meanings of words, our understanding of sentence-level semantic composition remains limited. We studied the magnetoencephalography (MEG) responses elicited by expressions whose meanings involved an element not expressed in the syntax, which enabled us to investigate the brain correlates of semantic composition without confounds from syntactic composition. Sentences such as the author began the book, which asserts that an activity was begun although no activity is mentioned in the syntax, were contrasted with control sentences such as the author wrote the book, which involved no implicit meaning. These conditions were further compared with a semantically anomalous condition (the author disgusted the book). MEG responses to the object noun showed that silent meaning and anomaly are associated with distinct effects, silent meaning, but not anomaly, eliciting increased amplitudes in the anterior midline field (AMF) at 350–450 msec. The AMF was generated in ventromedial prefrontal areas, usually implicated for social cognition and theory of mind. Our results raise the possibility that silent meaning interpretation may share mechanisms with these neighboring domains of cognition.

Electrical features of deep structures of Southern Tuscany (Italy)

Over the last six years, magnetotelluric data were acquired at 86 sites covering much of Southern Tuscany. Twenty-four of these sites were acquired in single-site or local-reference mode, whereas 62 were aquired in very-remote-reference mode, with a remote site located on Capraia Island í 40 km from the cost í where the cultural noise is very low. The data modelling showed that Southern Tuscany is characterized by a fairly uniform middle-lower crust that has a resistivity of a few thousand W ·m below 10 km. At shallower depths in the crust, the resistivity is closer to values around 500 W ·m. This uniformity is interrupted only below the Larderello and Mt. Amiata geothermal fields where deep conductive bodies are believed to exist. A general anomalous condition can hence be depicted for this region, with low resistivity values typical of those in tectonically active areas as opposed to more resistive values typical in continental areas. These data and those from other geophysical techniques suggest that these conductive zones may be associated with hot material coming from deeper sources below the geothermal areas.