Monthly Chaetocerotales diversity and abundance, and its relationship with water physicochemical parameters and phytoplankton diversity in Carey Island mangrove ecosystem, Malaysia

Redzuan NS, Milow P. 2021. Monthly Chaetocerotales diversity and abundance, and its relationship with water physicochemical parameters and phytoplankton diversity in Carey Island mangrove ecosystem, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 22: 2919-2927. Globally, phytoplankton of order Chaetocerotales has been reported to cause monospecific bloom events. The blooms that normally lead to ecosystem instability, also physically responsible for histological and physical damages to fishes. Regarding that order Chaetocerotales often display significant temporal variability, this study aimed to investigate the monthly variability of species composition and cell density of phytoplankton of order Chaetocerotales during high tide period immersion were investigated over a year period. In addition, this present study also aimed to analyze the relationship between Chaetocerotales diversity and abundance with physical and chemical parameters that potentially controlling their temporal variability. Samplings were carried out from April 2009 until March 2010 in the mangrove ecosystem of Carey Island, Selangor, Malaysia. Of 84 phytoplankton taxa recorded, 18 species belonged to order Chaetocerotales, i.e. the genera Bacteriastrum and Chaetoceros. Although initially the sampling was designed to study the overall phytoplankton, the study also aimed at high temporal variability in Chaetocerotaceae cells density has called for this paper to be written. Interestingly, order Chaetocerotales showed to have negative correlation with the total phytoplankton species. Chaetocerotales blooms at the study site were represented by multispecies blooms, with Chaetoceros curvisetus as the highest species in the events. Dissolved oxygen, on the other hand, showed to have negative correlation Chaetocerotales' cells density. All of the species, except the Chaetoceros subtilis and Chaetoceros neglectus displayed significant temporal monthly variability across twelve months of sampling. Nitrate, phosphate and temperature are potentially the parameters that stimulate the growth of the order, consequently causing bloom events.

THE STRATEGY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL OF ATHLETES IN SPORTS COMPETITION BASED ON DRUG INTERVENTION

ABSTRACT Generally speaking, the physiological index of the human body is in a relatively stable state, which refers to the function of various organ systems with the characteristics of high-tide period, low-tide period and critical period. However, for competitive athletes, it is necessary to maintain physiological activation in both training and competition. In view of this, this study will analyze the physiological arousal degree of aspirin and acetaminophen in order to provide a reference for athletes to take analgesic drugs. In this study, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), principal component analysis and factor analysis, were used to construct a scientific evaluation system of physiological arousal level, and the medication and non-medication status of 90 athletes were evaluated. The results showed that aspirin was better than acetaminophen in blood urea and serum creatine kinase, and the comprehensive score of some athletes was higher than 0.95. Aspirin is better in arousing athletes’ physiology. The research results will provide scientific guidance for athletes to take antipyretic and analgesic drugs.

The Energy Output from the Kuching Barrage in East Malaysia

Electricity generation from the sea has many advantages in comparison with other renewable energy resources. Power can be generated from new or existing barrages. Based on previous location research, a suitable system to produce tidal range energy from a potential site was developed in this paper. The main objective of this research is to calculate the energy output of the Kuching Barrage of Sarawak State of Malaysia. The daily flushing process of Kuching Barrage is conducted during the low tide period and therefore to put up the ebb generation process is appropriate. The calculated period of power generation is determined to about 6 hours. The annual energy output is calculated based on a theoretical method, with the average daily potential energy calculated to be 5.8MW and approximately 10.23GWh/year could be harnessed. This research can be beneficial for energy generation with the use of a double basin scheme for the construction of new barrages in East Malaysia.

Characteristics of Tidal Discharge and Phase Difference at a Tidal Channel Junction Investigated Using the Fluvial Acoustic Tomography System

This study investigates the tidal discharge division and phase difference at branches connected to a channel junction. The tidal discharge at three branches (eastern, western, and northern branches) was continuously collected using the fluvial acoustic tomography system (FATS). The discharge asymmetry index was used to quantify the flow division between two seaward branches (eastern and western branches). The cross-wavelet method was applied to calculate the phase difference between the tidal discharge and water level. The discharge asymmetry index shows that the inequality of flow division is obviously prominent during the spring tide duration, where the eastern branch has the capability to deliver greater amounts of subtidal discharge, approximately 55–63%, compared with the western branch. However, the equality of flow division between the eastern and western channels can be observed clearly during the neap tide period. The wavelet analysis shows that the phase difference at the western branch is higher than at the eastern branch, because the geometry of the western branch is more convergent than that of the eastern branch. Accordingly, the amplitude of the tidal wave at the western branch is more magnified compared with that at the eastern branch. Moreover, the phase difference at the northern branch is greater than at the two seaward branches, implying that the phase difference is slightly increased after passing through the junction into the northern branch.

Temporal variability in zooplankton community in the western Yellow Sea and its possible links to green tides

Large-scale macro-algal blooms ofUlva prolifera(also called green tides) have appeared each summer since 2008 in the western Yellow Sea. In this study, we investigated the temporal variability in zooplankton community in the western Yellow Sea and its possible links to green tides using data from a long-term plankton survey off the coast of Qingdao, China. Environmental conditions observed in the study area during the green tide period (GTP: June–August, 2008–2013) were compared to the non-green tide period (NGTP: June–August, 2005–2007), to support the contention that variations observed in zooplankton community may be attributed to the green tides, as opposed to natural climatic or environmental variations. Zooplankton assemblage structure observed during the GTP was then compared to the NGTP. Significant variations were detected both in zooplankton abundance and assemblage structure between the two defined periods. The abundance of zooplankton, mainly copepods, was significantly decreased during the GTP. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of copepods decreased by approximately 10% and that of gelatinous zooplankton, including appendicularians, chaetognaths, and medusae, almost doubled (ca. increased by 6.4%). The dominant species of meroplankton completely changed, specifically, polychaeta, and echinoderm larvae were more dominant than decapod and bivalve larvae. With regard to zooplankton size structure, the NGTP showed a higher size diversity with more small-sized organisms, while the GTP showed a lower size diversity in the community. According to general linear models, the interannual variation in summer zooplankton abundance was significantly correlated with green tides. These results indicate that the temporal changes in zooplankton community may have a close link to the green tides.

SUSPENDED SOLID LOAD OF KAWAL AND GALANG BATANG RIVERS, AND ITS DISTRIBUTION AT GUNUNG KIJANG COASTAL AREA, EAST DISTRICT OF BINTAN

The research aimed to discover the runoff suspended solid load of Gunung Kijang estuary to coastal area, East District of Bintan. The research was held in May and September 2015. The total suspended solid (TSS) load in five estuaries was measured on May. On September, measurement was focused in two biggest estuaries, Kawal and Galang Batang. The TSS in coastal water area was measured both on May and September. Regarding to five estuaries measured, the lowest TSS came from Angus River while the highest comes from Kawal River. TSS load in May on both estuary were lower than in September. Suspended solid load at the lowest tide period was higher than at the highest tide at both estuaries. In May TSS load in the Kawal estuary was 528.723 mg/sc and Galang Batang estuary was 172.903 mg/sc. In September TSS load in the Kawal estuary was 720.920 mg/sc while Galang Batang estuary was 446.893 mg/sc. These results indicate that tidal patterns and current were major influence on the TSS load in estuaries. Keywords : Bintan, coastal water, estuary, load, TSS

Assessing the Organic Pollution and Aquaculture Activity of Surface water at Shatt-Al-Arab Estuary Southern of Iraq

Surface water samples were collected monthly from December, 2012 to November, 2013 at the middle part of Shatt Al-Arab Estuary at Basrah city during the low tide period to assess the organic pollution status using the Organic Pollution Index (OPI), and the aquaculture activities using Minimum Operator Concept (MOC). Results of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonium, nitrite and orthophosphate were used to calculate OPI, while dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphate and turbidity were used to calculate MOC. Results showed that OPI values range from 4.5 - 4.75 referred to weak organic–non organic pollution status. On the other hand, the water of Shatt Al-Arab Estuary can be considered as medium–excellent water for aquaculture activity according to the MOC range (66.67 - 93.33). Keywords: Estuary, Surface water, Organic Pollution Index, Aquaculture activity, Minimum Operator Concept