A Review on Antifungal Efficiency of Plant Extracts Entrenched Polysaccharide-Based Nanohydrogels

Human skin acts as a physical barrier; however, sometimes the skin gets infected by fungi, which becomes more severe if the infection occurs on the third layer of the skin. Azole derivative-based antifungal creams, liquids, or sprays are available to treat fungal infections; however, these formulations show various side effects on the application site. Over the past few years, herbal extracts and various essential oils have shown effective antifungal activity. Additionally, autoxidation and epimerization are significant problems with the direct use of herbal extracts. Hence, to overcome these obstacles, polysaccharide-based nanohydrogels embedded with natural plant extracts and oils have become the primary choice of pharmaceutical scientists. These gels protect plant-based bioactive compounds and are effective delivery agents because they release multiple bioactive compounds in the targeted area. Nanohydrogels can be applied to infected areas, and due to their contagious nature and penetration power, they get directly absorbed through the skin, quickly reaching the skin’s third layer and effectively reducing the fungal infection. In this review, we explain various skin fungal infections, possible treatments, and the effective utilization of plant extract and oil-embedded polysaccharide-based nanohydrogels.

Solvent- and catalyst-free aza-Michael addition of imidazoles and related heterocycles

This work demonstrates the scope and limitations of the aza-Michael addition of imidazoles and related heterocycles with electron deficient olefins under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions. The reaction proceeds at 80°C within hours towards completion as long as the azole derivative is sufficiently soluble in the Michael acceptor, which has been used in small excess. Workup only comprises evaporation of surplus Michael-acceptor and no additional solvents are necessary for purifying the products.<br>

Solvent- and catalyst-free aza-Michael addition of imidazoles and related heterocycles

This work demonstrates the scope and limitations of the aza-Michael addition of imidazoles and related heterocycles with electron deficient olefins under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions. The reaction proceeds at 80°C within hours towards completion as long as the azole derivative is sufficiently soluble in the Michael acceptor, which has been used in small excess. Workup only comprises evaporation of surplus Michael-acceptor and no additional solvents are necessary for purifying the products.<br>

Solvent- and catalyst-free aza-Michael addition of imidazoles and related heterocycles

This work demonstrates the scope and limitations of the aza-Michael addition of imidazoles and related heterocycles with electron deficient olefins under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions. The reaction proceeds at 80°C within hours towards completion as long as the azole derivative is sufficiently soluble in the Michael acceptor, which has been used in small excess. Workup only comprises evaporation of surplus Michael-acceptor and no additional solvents are necessary for purifying the products.<br>

An electrochemical investigation of azole derivative on aluminum in 0.25 M HCl solution using EN and EIS techniques

Purpose This study attempts to investigate corrosion inhibition properties of 1H-benzimidazole (B) and 1H-benzotriazole (BTA) on aluminum in 0.25 M HCl solution at different concentrations. Design/methodology/approach To this end, electrochemical techniques including electrochemical noise (EN), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization were used. Findings Results showed a greater corrosion inhibition efficiency of BTA than B on aluminum in HCl solution. BTA showed greater tendency to adsorption on the metal surface than B because of the inclusion of three nitrogen atoms. Originality/value The novelty of this work is comparing EN data with EIS and potentiodynamic polarization parameters.