A Novel Oral Syringe for Dosing and Administration of Multiparticulate Formulations: Acceptability Study in Preschool and School Children

The popularity of multiparticulate formulations (MPs) as a paediatric dosage form continues to increase. MPs comprise of multiple small units that are easy-to-swallow. Currently, MPs are commonly manufactured into unit doses that are either swallowed whole or opened prior to administration. While this is an acceptable approach, dosing is envisioned to be optimised with a “standard” paediatric device which can better harness the flexible dosing potential of MPs. We evaluated a novel oral syringe (SympfinyTM, HS Design, Morristown, NJ, USA) that is being developed as a tool to dispense and administer MPs to children. Forty children, 4–12 years old, received 0.5, 1.2, and 2.0 mL doses of placebo MPs using the oral syringe with spring water or a drink of choice to complete sample intake. Acceptability was recorded as those able to completely swallow the dose and participants also rated dose acceptability on a 5-point scale. The ability to completely swallow the dose decreased as dose volume increased; the smallest dose was completely swallowed by 87.5% (35/40) children, and 69.4% (27/39) of children confirmed their willingness to take the sample as a daily medicine. Larger doses, 1.2 and 2.0 mL, gave values of 55% and 57.5% for the doses completely swallowed and 58.8% and 51.72% for willingness to take the sample as a daily medicine, respectively. Use of a drink of choice showed no increase in swallowability as compared with water. The novel oral syringe being developed is an appropriate device for dispensing doses flexibly and administering neutral tasting MPs directly to the mouth in the lower dose range without the need for a co-administration vehicle in children aged 4–12 years.

A Novel Oral Syringe for Dosing and Administration of Multiparticulate Formulations: Acceptability Study in Preschool and School Children

The popularity of multiparticulate formulations (MPs) as a paediatric dosage form continues to increase. MPs comprise of multiple small units that are easy-to-swallow. Currently, MPs are commonly manufactured into unit doses that are either swallowed whole or opened prior to administration. While this is an acceptable approach, dosing is envisioned to be optimized with a ‘standard’ paediatric device which can better harness the flexible dosing potential of MPs. We evaluated a novel oral syringe (SympfinyTM) that is being developed as a tool to dispense and administer MPs to children. Forty children, 4-12 years old, received 0.5, 1.2, and 2.0 mL doses of placebo MPs using the oral syringe with spring water or a drink of choice to complete sample intake. Acceptability was recorded as those able to completely swallow the dose and participants also rated dose acceptability on a 5-point scale. The ability to completely swallow the dose decreased as dose volume increased; the smallest dose was completely swallowed by 87.5% (35/40) children, and 69.4% (27/39) of children confirmed their willingness to take the sample as a daily medicine. Larger doses, 1.2 and 2.0 mL, gave values of 55% and 57.5% for the doses completely swallowed and 58.8% and 51.72% for willingness to take the sample as a daily medicine, respectively. Use of a drink of choice showed no increase in swallowability as compared with water. The novel oral syringe being developed is an appropriate device for dispensing doses flexibly and administering neutral tasting MPs directly to the mouth in the lower dose range without the need for a co-administration vehicle in children aged 4-12 years.

Micro-homogeneity evaluation of a bovine kidney candidate reference material

The minimum sample intake for which a reference material remains homogeneous is one of the parameters that must be estimated in the homogeneity assessment study of reference materials. In this work, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis was used to evaluate this quantity in a bovine kidney candidate reference material. The mass fractions of 9 inorganic constituents were determined in subsamples between 1 and 2 mg in order to estimate the relative homogeneity factor (HE) and the minimum sample mass to achieve 5% and 10% precision on a 95% confidence level. Results obtained for HE in all the analyzed elements were satisfactory. The estimated minimum sample intake was between 2 mg and 40 mg, depending on the element.

FI-ICP-TOFMS for high-throughput and low volume multi-element analysis in environmental and biological matrices

The capabilities of flow injection inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry (FI-ICP-TOFMS) were evaluated for accurate multi-element analysis addressing water and serum reference materials with a sample intake of 5 μL in comparison to FI-ICP-MS/MS analysis.

Hubungan Antara Paritas dan Umur Ibu Dengan Kejadian Perdarahan Postpartum Di RS Panti Wilasa Dr. Cipto Semarang Yakkum Cabang Semarang

Perdarahan postpartum adalah perdarahan yang terjadi setelah bayi lahir dimana perdarahan tersebut adalah perdarahan yang lebih dari normal yang mana telah menyebabkan perubahan tanda vital (sistolik < 90 mmHg, nadi > 100 per menit, kadar Hb < 8 gr%, muka terlihat pucat) faktor predisposisi terjadinya perdarahan postpartum adalah paritas, umur, gemeli, dan hidramnion. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “Apakah ada hubungan antara paritas dan umur ibu dengan kejadian perdarahan postpartum di RS Panti Wilasa Dr. Cipto Semarang”Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi responden berdasarkan paritas dan umur ibu, mengetahui distribusi responden yang mengalami kejadian perdarahan postpartum, untuk mengetahui hubungan antara paritas dan umur ibu dengan kejadian perdarahan postpartum. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan retrospektif, metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh, yaitu semua ibu nifas yang mengalami perdarahan postpartum di RS Panti Wilasa Dr Cipto Semarang selama kurun waktu tahun 2008. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan check list. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji statistik hubungan antara paritas dan umur ibu didapatkan X² Hitung sebesar 7,322 yang lebih besar dari X² Tabel dan nilai p value 0,026 yang lebih kecil dari α, sehingga ada hubungan antara paritas dengan kejadian perdarahan postpartum. Sedangkan pada uji statistik pada hubungan umur ibu dengan kejadian perdarahan postpartum diperoleh X² Hitung 0,000 yang lebih kecil dari X² Tabel dan nilai p value 1,000 yang lebih besar dari α, sehingga artinya tidak ada hubungan antara umur ibu dengan kejadian perdarahan postpartum.Kata kunci : Perdarahan postpartum, paritas, umur Relation Among Parity and Mother Ages With Postpartum Hemorrhages Occurrences In Panti Wilasa Hospital Dr. Cipto Semarang Yakkum Semarang BranchPostpartum Hemorrhages is hemorrhages that happened after baby born where the Hemorrhages which is more than normal which have caused change of vital sign (sistolic < 90 mmHg, artery > 100 per minute. rate of Hb < 8gr%, face seen to turn pale) predisposition factor the happening of postpartum hemorrhages is parity, age, gemeli, and hidramnion The internal issue formula of this research is " Is there any relation among mother age and parity with postpartum hemorrhages occurrences in Panti Wilasa Hospital Dr. Cipto Semarang. This research is aim to know responder distribution pursuant to mother age and parity, knowing natural responder distribution of postpartum hemorrhages occurrences, to know relation among mother age and parity with postpartum hemorrhages occurrences. This is quantitative research with retrospective approach, sample intake method that using saturated sampling, that is all natural parturition mother which have experience postpartum hemorrhages occurrences Panti Wilasa Hospital Dr Cipto Semarang during 2008. Check list is using on this research instrument. This research result indicate that statistical test of relation among mother age and parity got by X2 Count equal to 7,322 larger ones of X2 Tables and p value 0,026 which smaller than α, so that there is relation among parity with postpartum hemorrhages occurrences. While at statistical test at relation of old age mother with postpartum hemorrhages occurrences is obtained by X2 Count 0,000 which smaller than X2 Tables and p value 1,000 larger ones of α, so that its meaning there is no relation among mother age with postpartum hemorrhages occurrences.Keyword: Postpartumhemorrhages, parity, age.

Feasibility study of using a "travelling" CO₂ and CH₄ instrument to validate continuous in-situ measurement stations

In the course of the ICOS (Integrated Carbon Observation System)Demo Experiment a feasibility study on the usefulness of a Travelling Comparison Instrument (TCI) was conducted in order to evaluate continuous atmospheric CO2 and CH4 measurements at two European stations. The aim of the TCI is to independently measure ambient air in parallel to the standard station instrumentation, thus providing a comprehensive comparison that includes the sample intake system, the instrument itself as well as its calibration and data evaluation. Observed differences between the TCI and the Heidelberg gas chromatographic system, which acted as a reference for the TCI, were −0.02 ± 0.08 μmol mol−1 for CO2 and −0.3 ± 2.3 nmol mol−1 for CH4. Over a period of two weeks each, the continuous CO2 and CH4 measurements at two ICOS field stations, Cabauw and OPE, were compared to co-located TCI measurements. At Cabauw mean differences of 0.21 ± 0.06 μmol mol−1 for CO2 and 0.41 ± 0.50 nmol mol−1 for CH4 were found. For OPE the mean differences were 0.13 ± 0.07 μmol mol−1 for CO2 and 0.44 ± 0.36 nmol mol−1 for CH4. Potential causes of these observed differences are leakages or contaminations in the intake lines and/or there flushing pumps. At Cabauw station an additional error contribution originates from insufficient flushing of standard gases. Offsets arising from differences in the working standard calibrations or leakages/contaminations in the drying systems are too small to explain the observed differences. Finally a comprehensive quality management strategy for atmospheric monitoring networks is proposed.

STUDI KEAMANAN PANGAN PADA TAHU PUTIH YANG BEREDAR DI PASAR SIDOARJO (KAJIAN DARI KANDUNGAN FORMALIN)

A lot of substance circulating in the market used preservative as a mean to lengthen a period to keeping. One of them is formalin, its very dangerous poisonous chemicals for health. The aim of this research was to identify the existence of preservative formalin at white tahu in Sidoarjo markets. This was a discriptif research. Sample intake used stratified random sampling method. As basis for stratify is market of place, are traditional and modern market. Identification of formalin content used FMR (formalin mean reagent), with color different as basis criterion. The result showed that 65.90% white tahu circulate in Sidoarjo markets contained the formalin, and 34.10% of white tahu did not contain formalin.

Certified Reference Materials for the Characterisation of Multifunctional Materials

Multifunctional materials are created by intimately integrating different materials. The assessment of the local properties and composition of the different components of such a multifunctional material necessarily relies on techniques with sufficient spatial resolution. The increased use of these microanalysis or microprobe techniques has created a demand for appropriate quality assurance tools, such as reference materials. In this paper a number of issues related to the certification of reference materials for multifunctional materials are discussed. Examples of reference materials are shown to illustrate the particular challenges the reference material producer is faced with such as micro-homogeneity, minimum sample intake and stability.