Economic Feasibility of Transporting Natural Gas Hydrates in Slurry Pipelines

Natural Gas Hydrates are cage-like structures that are composed of natural gas (methane, ethane, etc.) molecules contained or entrapped within a water lattice. The hydrate structure contains tightly packed gas in ratios of over 160 to 1. Thus, there is a huge conceived upside to transporting the gas in this mode efficiency-wise if one could transport hydrates to a central processing facility where the hydrate would be processed to meet natural gas pipeline grid specifications. The question is: can they be transported in slurry form with water or oil as a carrier fluid, and what are the pros and cons of such mode of transportation. This paper attempts to answer these questions, and presents a feasibility analysis of three pipeline transportation scenarios to transport equivalent of 116 MMSCFD of natural gas over 500 km distance. It was found that for transportation of natural gas in the form of hydrates to be economically feasible, it has to be combined with transportation of crude oil as a carrying fluid rather than water, so that the cost of transportation per unit energy of the combined hydrates/oil slurry mixture is shared between the two energy commodities. This will result in even a lower cost below that of conventional transportation of natural gas in gaseous (vapour) form.

Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and DNA Binding Properties of Zinc(II) Complexes with 3-Pyridine Aldoxime

The employment of 3-pyridine aldoxime, (3-py)CHNOH, in ZnIIchemistry has afforded two novel compounds: [Zn(acac)2{(3-py)CHNOH}]⋅H2O(1⋅H2O) [where acac-is the pentane-2,4-dionato(-1) ion] and [Zn2(O2CMe)4{(3-py)CHNOH}2] (2). Complex1⋅H2Ocrystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/n. The ZnIIion is five-coordinated, surrounded by four oxygen atoms of two acac-moieties and by the pyridyl nitrogen atom of the (3-py)CHNOH ligand. Molecules of1interact with the water lattice molecules forming a 2D hydrogen-bonding network. Complex2crystallizes in the triclinicP-1space group and displays a dinuclear paddle-wheel structure. Each ZnIIexhibits a perfect square pyramidal geometry, with four carboxylate oxygen atoms at the basal plane and the pyridyl nitrogen of one monodentate (3-py)CHNOH ligand at the apex. DNA mobility shift assays were performed for the determination of thein vitroeffect of both complexes on the integrity and the electrophoretic mobility of pDNA.