ANOMALI PASAR MODAL MENUJU STUDI BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS

Abstract- This research examine market anomali that used to be found in capital market. There are 3 (three) common market anomalies that observed by financial researcher, holiday effect (in this case Lebaran Effect), January effect and Monday effect. The goal in this empirical study is to confirm and examine these anomalies on consumer goods firms. One of most common misleading statement that would like to be argued by this research is on Lebaran Season; most likely consumer goods stocks would be the most wanted and highest return. Dummy variables are applied in research model to test research hypothesis regarding to this issue. Research models are analyzed using OLS approach and the result is indeed finding some anomali in Lebaran, January and Monday Effect. But the result from adjusted R2 is very low (<1%) which implies that explanatory power of event to abnormal return is need a critic and improvement. Further result from loss aversion theory confirms that most of Indonesian Citizen play save strategy under sure loss condition. Keywords: Capital Market Anomali, EMH, Lebaran Effect, January Effect, Monday Effect, Behaviour Economics

ON THE HYPERSTABILITY OF THE DRYGAS FUNCTIONAL EQUATION ON A RESTRICTED DOMAIN

We prove hyperstability results for the Drygas functional equation on a restricted domain (a certain subset of a normed space). Our results are more general than the ones proposed by Aiemsomboon and Sintunavarat [‘Two new generalised hyperstability results for the Drygas functional equation’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.95 (2017), 269–280] and our proof does not rely on the fixed point theorem of Brzdęk as was the case there. A characterisation of the Drygas functional equation in terms of its asymptotic behaviour is given. Several examples are given to illustrate our generalisations. Finally, we point out a misleading statement in the proof of the second result in the paper by Aiemsomboon and Sintunavarat and propose its correction.

Kéretlen e-mailek az orvos postafiókjában: ezek veszélyei az egészségnevelésre, a betegtájékoztatásra és a tudományos munkára

Introduction: The term “spam” is applied to unwanted commercial e-mails sent to all whose e-mail addresses have been acquired by the spammers. The number of undesirable e-mails is growing in the health-care related areas as well. The targets of health-care related spams are laymen, physicians and academic researchers alike. Method: On the basis of 12,986 unwanted letters received in one year, the authors concluded that percentage of health-related spam is the second most common spam (27%) in relation to all spam. Most of the spam (63%) aggressively promoted purchasing of various consumer goods, but health-related spam are far ahead of the rest. The collected data were grouped by year and topic and they are analyzed by simple descriptive statistics. Spam form of cyber attacks on health care issues were divided into two: spam what is jeopardized individuals’ health (e.g. medical compounds without any curing effect, misleading statement on medical device, fraudulent panacea offers, and cheating cure methods, etc.) and onslaught on medical scientific activity (pseudo-scientific congress invitation, predator journal invitation etc.). Results: The topics of spams addressed to laymen are offered for perfect healing by strange treatments, cures (31%), panaceas (19%), lifestyle advice (19%), massage (16%), brand new health-care devices (4%) and drugs for sexual dysfunction (11%). The topics of spams addressed to physicians and researchers are deluged by pseudoscientific materials: invitation for articles to be sent to no-name/fake open-access journals (68%), invitation to participate at an obscure congress (27%) or newsletters on miscellanous medical topics (5%). Conclusion: The spams offer very often relief or solution to medical problems that the present-day medical practice cannot solve perfectly (oncological, musculo-sceletal, endocrin or metabolic problems). Understandably, the patients would hold on to fake hopes – and the authentic patient education and health promotion will be neglected. These unwanted messages practically cannot be unsubscribed, and – while the spam filters are far from perfection – the victim must go through the filtered spam-dustbin in order not to miss some real messages. Unfortunately no legal regulation (neither local, nor GDPR) can block or stop the spams. The spams are misleading the laymen and jeopardise the effects of professional and responsible health promotion and health education. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(43): 1706–1710.

PROTECTION IN RETAIL INVESTORS DISADVANTED BY FAKE TRANSACTION PRACTICE (CORNERING THE MARKET)

The practice of fake transaction is a stock trading practice that incurs many losses, especially for retail investors who basically do not control the market in majority on the floor of the stock. This practice may threaten the liquidity and credibility of capital market activities in Indonesia. Pseudo transaction is one of the crimes prohibited in Capital Market Law which fall into the category of market manipulation. In simple terms, market manipulation is an activity undertaken by a person either directly or indirectly creating a false or misleading image of a trading activity, market situation, or price of Securities at a Stock Exchange or giving a statement, or an improper, or misleading statement so that the price of the securities in bursa affected. Provisions on market manipulation are provided in Articles 91, 92 and 93 of Law Number 8 of 1995 concerning the Capital Market.Keywords : Concerning the market, Ritel Investors, Protection

Nil by mouth: A misleading statement

Preoperative fasting is universally accepted as a beneficial practice to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during the induction of general anaesthesia. What is less clear for many junior doctors and nurses is the administration of oral medication during the fasting period. This study aims to highlight the subjective understanding of the statement, ‘nil by mouth’, with regard to drug administration.

HIV/AIDS and Professional Freedom of Expression in Japan

A senior physician with a government role in Japan made a widely reported and misleading statement about Thailand’s policy on HIV/AIDS patients. He claimed that in Thailand the policy is to spend public money on the prevention of HIV infection while allowing AIDS patients to die untreated. The author, a community nursing specialist in Japan with first-hand knowledge of HIV/AIDS policy in Thailand, thought that this statement would influence attitudes negatively in Japan. However, speaking out about this misrepresentation of the facts carried certain risks. Although freedom of expression is valued in Japan, in practice it is not easy to contradict senior medical professionals. The author uses his experience of this difficult professional situation to teach nurses how to approach speaking out in the public interest.

Further Observations on the Reliability and Validity of Gain Scores

Williams and Zimmerman in 1998, when considering the reliability and validity of gain scores (g), proposed that combinations of pretest and posttest parameters favoring high reliability of gains are more likely in practice than are unfavorable combinations. It is argued here that this is an empirical question and that no support was given for their position. Further, those authors made a potentially misleading statement about the validity of the gain score. A final point is offered, namely, that the higher the pretest-posttest reliability, the lower the reliability of g.