STUDY OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT MACHINE-BUILDING AND RAILWAY INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES IN A PANDEMIC CONDITION COVID-19

The article analyzes the impact of the consequences of the quarantine measures introduction to counter the pandemic COVID-19 on the economy of Ukraine in general and the domestic transport machine-building sector in particular. It has been established that one of the most affected sectors of the economy is transport and mechanical engineering, in particular the railway transport sector. It is determined that at present a very relevant issue for the further development of domestic enterprises of transport machine-building and railway industry is the assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the activities and financial and economic performance of these enterprises. The financial and economic indicators of such domestic enterprises of transport machine-building and railway industry, such as JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia", PJSC "KVBZ", SE "UkrNDIV", LLC "LEMTRANS" and LLC "KERNEL-TRADE", TDV "Popasnyansky Car Repair Plant" are analyzed. It was determined that the most affected of the studied domestic enterprises under the conditions of quarantine measures were JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia", PJSC "KVBZ", TDV "Popasnyansky Car Repair Plant". The main reasons for the decrease in technical and economic indicators at domestic enterprises of transport machine-building and the railway industry are studied by the method of expert evaluation. According to the analysis of expert evaluation data, the most important reason for the deterioration of technical and economic indicators of enterprises is the lack of state support and incentives for the development of transport machine-building and the railway industry in the country (19.6%). Experts estimate the impact of the consequences of the introduction of quarantine measures to counter the COVID-19 pandemic at 8.1%. Measures are proposed to improve the technical and economic performance of the most affected domestic enterprises of the transport machine-building and railway industries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

COMBINED ELECTRICITY SYSTEM FOR FORESTRY MACHINES

The work proposes an improved combined power supply system for forest transport machines, consisting of a small-power electromagnetic generator and a thermoelectric generator, which will increase the efficiency and environmental friendliness of the machines used in the forest complex. The global and domestic modern scientific potential is tuned to solve an urgent problem, namely: the use of new technologies to obtain nanomaterials. The result of the use of new materials is the development and implementation of highly efficient energy-saving systems [1]. When designing modern forest transport machines, elements of modern electronics, energy, communication systems, heating and air conditioning are widely used, where polymer materials (PM) are widely used. Especially often they are used in the form of gaskets, films, coatings and adhesive layers. Harsh operating conditions for timber transport quite often require the use of PM products with special properties (increased thermal conductivity) while maintaining mechanical characteristics [2]. As you know, environmental requirements for vehicles of any kind are increasing every year. One of the ways to improve environmental friendliness is to increase profitability, and this is possible with the modernization of forest transport machines, in particular, through the use of energy-saving technologies, which undoubtedly include the use of a thermoelectric generator as a power source for the onboard network of a forest transport machine.

Challenges in Forestry and Forest Engineering

The forestry and timber industry are strong sectors in the economies of European countries. The current trend of introducing forestry management that respects the various functions of the forest has created new challenges. However, forestry itself, as well as those challenges, varies in different regions in Europe. The aim of this review paper was to describe forest resources and their potential as well to define challenges in forestry and forest engineering in regions of East Europe. Case studies were selected from four countries: Croatia, Latvia, Poland and Romania. The background data and information of the forest-based sector included: forest resources and forest productivity, forest utilisation, development of forest operations and difficulties in forest management. In the analysed countries, state-owned forestry was represented by at least 45%. Forestry is an important sector in all four countries and future challenges are observed in forest management and forest engineering mainly including: an increase in timber resources, improvement in species composition for better productivity and the introduction of effective mechanised forest operations in pre-commercial thinning. Further improvement of harvester heads is expected for the harvesting of broadleaved species and for young stands. Issues linked to the environment were also recognised as challenging factors: mild winters make it difficult to use CTL technology on wet and sensitive sites. Additionally, dry seasons have a high impact on forest fire frequency, but this can be controlled by effective monitoring systems. Improvement in IT systems used in forest operations should limit the carbon footprint by optimising transport, machine use and limiting fuel use. Finally, innovations are recognised as key issues in the improvement of forest management and forest engineering; therefore, special budgets have been allocated to support science and development.

TECHNOLOGY OF MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLAGE OF TRANSPORT MACHINERY HELICAL PROPELLERS

The paper reports the consideration of transport machines propeller creation for their motion on land, on water and under water at high speed, with greater load carrying capacity and low energy consumption. The increase of technological potentialities, speed and load carrying capacity of transport machines is achieved by means of manufacturing a propeller as a helical jacket with the possibility of drive shaft rotation. Such propellers are called helical by us, as around their perimeter along the entire length there are formed multistart helical curved surfaces like helical grooves of different forms and dimensions. As a result of the work carried out the designs of helical propellers are offered which novelty is confirmed by patents for invention and their classification in which is a general principle allowing the development of still unknown designs of helical propellers. The original design search of helical propellers was carried out by the methods of descriptive geometry and engineering graphics which allowed forming them around the perimeter with curvilinear or flat elements with overlaps or without them and also with the aid of “Compass-3D” program complex. The technologies and designs of helical propellers ensuring high speed of transport machine mo-tion on land, on water and under water are offered.