zwitter ion
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2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Matheis F.J.D.P. Tanasale ◽  
Yusthinus T Male ◽  
Nina B Garium

It has been conducted a research about the utilization waste of tofu as adsorbent of tartrazine dye. Utilization waste of tofu as adsorption because tofu contains protein which has the power adsorption of amino acids that form a zwitter ion. The purpose of this study was to determine the adsorption process and adosrption kinetics model of tartrazine dye by waste of tofu as adsorbent. Making the adsorbent is done by making waste of tofu into powder with a size of 100 mesh. The method used in the analysis of tartrazine dye is using UV-Vis. Adsorption of of tartrazine dye using waste of tofu at concentrations of 50 ppm and a contact time of 80 minutes with weight adsorbent 0.3 g. The two isotherms were used that Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm, the adsorption studies of tartrazine dye adsorbent waste of tofu follow Freundlich adsorption isotherms with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 94.4%, KF is 0.0026 mg/g and n is 0.5621. Adsorption kinetics of of tartrazine dye adsorbent waste of tofu following the model of adsorption Ho pseudo-second order with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 100%, Xe is 1.7761 mg/g and k2,ads is -0.6550 g/mg minutes. The mechanism adsorption of of tartrazine dye with waste of tofu as adsorbent is chemisorpsi process.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 356-363
Author(s):  
Yasmin Akhtar

Density and viscosity of L-Arginine in aqueous sucrose and ascorbic acid  solutions have been determined experimentally at 298 K. The results obtained from density and viscosity measurement have been used to calculate the Hydration number Hn, apparent molar volume фv, partial molal volume ф0v , at infinite dilution, transfer volume ∆ф0tr   and B- coefficient. It has been observed that there exist strong solute-solvent interaction and complex formation between in these ternary systems. The properties of this amino acid in water and aqueous sucrose and ascorbic acid systems are discussed in terms of the charge, size and hydrogen bonding effect.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winsa Wira Wijaya ◽  
Prima Happy Ratnapuri ◽  
Mia Fitriana

ABSTRAK Uji disolusi terbanding merupakan pengujian yang dapat digunakan untuk memastikan ekivalensi dan sifat-sifat produk obat. Uji disolusi terbanding dilakukan dalam media disolusi dengan pH yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi in vivo yaitu pada pH 1,2; 4,5; dan 6,8. Obat generik dan generik bermerek yang wajib uji ekivalensi salah satunya yaitu ofloxacin. Ofloxacin merupakan suatu obat yang memiliki sifat kationik, anionik, dan zwitter ion. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan ekivalensi profil disolusi terbanding yang dianalisis dengan parameter f1, f2, dan DE70 antara ofloxacin generik berlogo dan generik bermerek terhadap inovator dalam media dapar asetat pH 4,5. Uji disolusi dilakukan sesuai USP 32-NF 27 yaitu menggunakan alat uji tipe 2 pada suhu 37 ± 0,50C dengan kecepatan putar 50 rpm. Analisis hasil yang digunakan untuk menentukan ekivalensi profil disolusi yaitu difference factor (f1), similarity factor (f2), dan dissolution efficiency (DE70). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa sampel yang memiliki ekivalensi profil disolusi terbanding yang dianalisis dengan parameter f1, f2, dan DE70 terhadap produk inovator dalam media dapar asetat pH 4,5 yaitu sampel A (generik bermerek) dan sampel B (generik berlogo). Kata kunci : ofloxacin, disolusi terbanding, difference factor (f1), similarity factor (f2), dan dissolution efficiency (DE70). ABSTRACT Comparative dissolution is a test that can be used to ensure equivalence and properties of medicinal products. Comparative dissolution test has done in a dissolution medium with pH adjusted to in vivo conditions at pH 1,2; 4,5; and 6,8. One of generic and generic branded drug that need equivalence test is ofloxacin. Ofloxacin is a drug which are cationic, anionic, and zwitter ion. The aim of this study was to determine equivalence comporative of dissolution profiles, then analyzed with f1, f2, and DE70 parameters between generic and generic branded to innovators ofloxacin in media acetate buffer pH 4,5. Dissolution test was accordance to USP 32-NF 27 that used equipment test type 2 at temperature 37 ± 0,50 C with rotary speed 50 rpm. The analysis results were used to determine equivalence dissolution profile e.g. difference factor (f1), similarity factor (f2), and dissolution efficiency (DE70). The results this study showed that samples had equivalence comporative of dissolution profiles which were analyzed with f1, f2, and DE70 parameters to innovator product in media acetate buffer pH 4,5 was sample code A (generic branded) and sample code B (generic). Keywords: ofloxacin, comparative dissolution, difference factor (f1), similarity factor (f2), and dissolution efficiency (DE70).


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Rialita
Keyword(s):  

ABSTRAK Laboratorium Teknik Lingkungan Universitas Tanjungpura merupakan satu diantara laboratorium yang belum memiliki pengolahan. Hasil pengujian limbah cair laboratorium kandungan tembaga (Cu), COD dan pH masih melebihi standar baku mutu  berdasarkan PERMEN LH No.5 Tahun 2014 tentang baku mutu air limbah, yaitu tembaga (Cu) 19,085 mg/L, pH 1,15. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut dibutuhkan pengolahan untuk mereduksi zat pencemaran yang ditimbulkan. Satu diantara teknologi yang digunakan yaitu adsorpsi menggunakan ampas tahu. Adsorpsi dengan pemanfaatan ampas tahu karena tahu mengandung protein. Kandungan protein yang terdapat pada ampas tahu dalam 100 gram adalah 17,4 gram (Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2014). Protein tersebut memiliki daya serapan dari asam-asam amino yang membentuk ion bermuatan dua (zwitter ion). Logam yang bersifat toksik dapat diikat dengan protein sebagai metalotionein. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efisiensi penggunaan ampas tahu sebagai penyerap logam tembaga (Cu), COD dan Ph serta mengetahui pengaruh waktu kontak dari ampas tahu terhadap penyerap logam tembaga (Cu), COD dan pH. Pengolahan limbah cair laboratorium dilakukan dengan cara aktivasi fisika terhadap ampas tahu agar bisa digunakan sebagai adsorben. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan melakukan penelitian skala laboratorium. Ampas tahu yang digunakan sebanyak 1 gram dengan limbah 100 ml lalu dikontakkan dengan alat shaker pada variasi waktu 30, 60, 90, 120 dan 150 menit. Dilakukan duplo agar didapatkan hasil yang akurat. Hasil penelitian dari pengolahan limbah cair Laboratorium Teknik Lingkungan adalah tembaga (Cu) dengan efisiensi penurunan sebesar 47,523% dari 19,085 mg/L menjadi 10,013 mg/L pada waktu kontak 150 menit. Untuk parameter COD naik sebesar 5% dari 360 mg/L menjadi 379 mg/L dan pH turun sebesar 18% dari 1,15 menjadi 0,94. Nilai tersebut masih belum memenuhi standar baku mutu berdasarkan PERMEN LH No. 5 Tahun 2014.   Kata kunci : adsorpsi, ampas tahu, limbah laboratorium, tembaga (Cu)


2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir B. Sheinin ◽  
Elena V. Bobritskaya ◽  
Sergey Shabunin ◽  
Oscar I. Koifman
Keyword(s):  

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Thu Ngoc Ha Le ◽  
Thach Ngoc Le

New Bronsted acidic ionic liquid, 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [AcMI]HSO4, has two acidic sites -COOH and HSO4 -. It has been synthesized by three steps. First, 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [AcMI]Cl was prepared by alkylation of 1- methylimidazole with chloroacetic acid (molar ratio is 1.5:1) under microwave irradiation in 6 min (84 % isolated yield). Then, zwitter ion 1-carboxylatmethyl-3-methylimidazolium was obtained by using Ag2O to remove ion chloride Cl- from [AcMI]Cl. At last, concentrated sulfuric acid (98 %) was added into zwitter ion to give 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (yield 96 %). This ionic liquid used as a recyclabe catalyst for the esterification of isopropanol and chloroacetic acid. The optimal reaction conditions were obtained as follows: isopropanol: chloroacetic acid:[AcMI]HSO4 are 1.3:1:0.2, reaction time for 10 min at 60 oC under microvave irradiation. The yield of isopropyl chloroacetate was 86 %. This ionic liquid was removed from ester easily, recovered and recycled without loss of activity.


ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (27) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
U. KLINGEBIEL ◽  
M. MEYER ◽  
U. PIEPER ◽  
D. STALKE
Keyword(s):  

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ranogajec ◽  
E. V. Kotchetov ◽  
M. A. Markevitch ◽  
N. S. Enikolopyan
Keyword(s):  

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