Термомеханика деформаций в ангармоническом твердом теле

The macroscopic laws determining the temperature and deformations of an anharmonic solid body in a given external temperature force field have been stated in the form of the first thermodynamics law supplemented by equations of state of the body. The internal and free energies necessary for it are found from the statistical sum in which some of degrees of freedom determining the body shape are discharged from statistical averaging. These functions of state have been calculated up to the first order of the perturbation theory in the anharmonicity for the microscopic dynamic model of the body with the interatomic interaction potential energy given as a series in powers of atom coordinates. The classical region of high temperatures is considered.

Study on Coordinate Information Generation Method of Interested Area in IMRT Inverse Planning System

In inverse planning system of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), the coordinate of interested area (target, organ at risk) is the necessary information for optimization algorithm. This paper analyzes several classical region filling algorithms firstly. Based on the VTK toolkits, Bezier curve algorithm, and the improved Watershed algorithm, a method using interactive delineation tool to save the coordinate information of interested area is realized. The information in the delineated area is accurately extracted by the method.

Engineering-geological description of the loess-soil series rocks at Zdolbuniv key profile (Volyn’ upland)

A detailed description and engineering-geological characterization are made for the loess-soil series rocks of Zdolbuniv key profile, which represents the main loess, palaeo-soil, and palaeo-cryogenic horizons of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene within the Volyn’ Upland – a classical region of the European loess development. The analysis of the differentiation in the composition and properties of the loess, palaeo-soil, and palaeo-cryogenic horizons imply on their significant difference caused by palaeogeographical conditions of their development and of the dia-genetic metamorphism. Key words: loess, loess-soil series, key profile, fossil soil, palaeo-cryogenesis, engineering-geological properties.

Torhanovychi – a new pleistocene key profile in the Fore-Carpathians

A detailed description and engineering-geological characterization are made for the loess-soil series rocks of Zdolbuniv key profile, which represents the main loess, palaeo-soil, and palaeo-cryogenic horizons of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene within the Volyn’ Upland – a classical region of the European loess development. The analysis of the differentiation in the composition and properties of the loess, palaeo-soil, and palaeo-cryogenic horizons imply on their significant difference caused by palaeogeographical conditions of their development and of the dia-genetic metamorphism. Key words: loess, loess-soil series, key profile, fossil soil, palaeo-cryogenesis, engineering-geological properties.

The proton transfer reaction between bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)methane and nitrogen bases in dimethyl sulfoxide and toluene solvents

Rate constants have been measured for the proton and deuteron transfer reactions of bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)methane (1) with 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and 1,5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and toluene solvents. Equilibrium constants, primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects, and activation parameters are reported. The reaction of 1 with DBU is faster than that with TMG by factors of 5 and 50 in toluene and DMSO respectively. The primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects, kH/kD = 7–9, which are independent of the polarity of the solvent, indicate an uncoupled mechanism of proton transfer and are in the "classical" region with little or no indication of a tunnelling contribution to the enthalpy of activation for these reactions. Key words: proton transfer, bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)methane, deuterium isotope effects.

Energy Loss by Energetic Test Ions in a Plasma

A study is made of the energy loss by an energetic (but nonrelativistic) test ion of charge Ze to plasma electrons in thermal equilibrium at temperature T. The classical region KT <{ Z2 Ry and the quantum region KT ~ Z2 Ry are both considered. The loss rates are given in closed form in terms of known functions of the ion speed. May's earlier work concerning the classical region is revised. Certain limiting cases are discussed in connection with the Bohr-Bethe-Bloch theory of the stopping power of ordinary matter.

The Thermal Expansion of an Almost Linear Chain

A linear chain model of a close-packed line of atoms in a solid has been constructed. The model differs from usual linear chain models in that the chain is not strictly one-dimensional, the individual atoms being free to move in three dimensions. To account for the interaction of the chain with its surroundings an effective potential has been introduced. When the thermal expansion of solid argon is calculated, satisfactory agreement with experiment is obtained in the classical region.