Description of the basic psychometric characteristics and the factor structure of the Greek version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory

The aim of this study was to examine the basic psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI; Pincus, Ansell, Pimentel, Cain, Wright & Levy, 2009). The PNI is a self-report scale recently developed to measure both narcissistic grandiosity (Exploitativeness, Grandiose Fantasy, Self-sacrificing Selfenhancement)and narcissistic vulnerability (Contingent Self-esteem, Hiding the Self, Devaluing, Entitlement rage). The English version of the PNI was translated to Greek and administered to 283 University students.Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate its factor structure in the Greek sample. Several models were evaluated: a. the initial seven-factor first-order model, b. three second-order models with two secondorder latent factors (Grandiosity, Vulnerability), c. three second-order models with three higher order latent factors (Grandiosity, Vulnerability, Malignancy). Goodness-of-fit indices showed better fit for the seven-factor structure, however, acceptable fit was also achieved for most of the second-order models as well. Reliability coefficients were within the acceptable standards for all subscales. The models are evaluated theoretically and the advantages of assessing narcissism in Greece with the PNI are discussed.

The fantasy of inevitability in organizations

This article explores the fantasy that an organization must exist, that the world outside cannot go on in its absence, and that the organization is somehow woven into the fabric of society so as to make it inevitable. Inevitability is part of a grandiose fantasy expressed in the idea that, however many competitors the organization may face, it remains the one true organization, while the others must be judged false claimants. Operation of the fantasy suggests, therefore, the presence of a narcissistic disturbance in the organization. Inevitability is contrasted with indeterminacy, which expresses the organization's capacity to suspend assumptions and preformed knowledge about itself and its world. The article considers indeterminacy an emotional capacity and inevitability the result of the inability of the organization to have access to that capacity. The distinction between inevitability and indeterminacy is seen to have important implications for the possibility and nature of organizational change.