Discussion on the Theoretical Basis for Acupuncture to Improve Knee Osteoarthritis from "Intestinal Microecology"

The balance of the intestinal microecosystem is essentially consistent with the theory of "Yin Ping Yang Mi" in Chinese medicine. The imbalance of the intestinal microenvironment's homeostasis is closely related to the occurrence of diseases. Acupuncture and moxibustion can improve the disease state by regulating the stability of the intestinal microecology, which has a certain theoretical basis. By exploring the law of the body's meridian circulation, it provides a theoretical basis for studying the regulation of acupuncture on the intestinal microecology of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Stellar rotation and mixing

Many observations indicate that some mixing occurs in stellar radiation zones: in massive stars, chemical elements resulting from nuclear burning in the core are detected at the surface, and in solar-type stars lithium is depleted with age. Since all mixing processes transport also momentum, the depletion of lithium should be linked with the loss of angular momentum through the stellar wind, and there are indeed signs of such a correlation in the behavior of tidally-locked binaries. Moreover, any transport process leaves its signature in the internal rotation profile, and this can help greatly in its identification. After reviewing the main transport mechanisms which have been considered so far, our present conclusion is that the uniform rotation observed in the radiative interior of the Sun is probably achieved by the action of internal waves emitted at the base of the convective envelope. It remains to be verified whether these waves contribute directly to the mixing, or whether they act only through the shaping of the rotation profile, which in turn determines the mixing through meridian circulation and turbulent diffusivity.

Differential Rotation in the Solar Interior

One of the big problems in stellar rotation which has been the object of much debate recently concerns the magnitude of the angular velocity in the central regions of the sun. It is a good example of our general ignorance of the distribution of angular momentum in the interiors of stars. There is good reason, of course, for this ignorance. One can’t make any direct observations and from a theoretical point of view there are many real problems such as the lack of a good theory of convection and meridian circulation, and our ignorance of the structure and magnitude of magnetic fields in the deep stellar interior. These problems among others make it very difficult, for example, to specify a surface condition on the angular velocity. It was pointed out recently (Clement, 1969; this paper is referred to hereinafter as Paper I) that such a condition might enable us to estimate the magnitude of the interior stellar rotation.