Nematode parasites of Oceanica. XVI. Cordonema venusta gen. et. sp.nov., and Skrjabinoclava spp. (Acuariidae: Echinuriinae), from birds

Cordonema gen.nov. is proposed for C. venusta sp.nov. (type species), C. longifuniculata (Sobolev, 1952) comb.nov. and C. solonitzini (Sobolev, 1943) comb.nov. The genus differs from Skrjabinoclava Sobolev, 1943, in lacking laterally directed loops of the cordons. Cordonema venusta sp.nov. from Cinclus pallasi from Taiwan, differs from Cordonema longifuniculata in its spicule ratio of 4:1 compared to 2:1. It differs from C. solonitzini in having longer cordons in proportion to body size and in spicule ratio, which is 2:1 in C. solonitzini.Skrjabinoclava cincli (Yamaguti, 1935) Sobolev, 1943, is redescribed from males and females from the type host, Cinclus pallasi, from Taiwan. Skrjabinoclava decorata (Solonitzin, 1928) Sobolev, 1943, is redescribed from Lonchura fuscans from Borneo.Skrjabinoclava rallae sp.nov. from Rallus striatus from Palawan differs from S. horrida in its spicule ratio of 4.7:1 compared with 3.6–4:1, and in the structure of the right spicule. It differs from S. cincli in having shorter cordons and spicules. Skrjabinoclava amaurornae sp.nov. from Amaurornis phoenicurus from Palawan differs from S. alii Ali, 1968, in having longer cordons, shorter pharynx, and in the absence of a sclerotized bar connecting the first spines of the lateral rows. It differs from S. cincli in having larger body spines and a right spicule of different shape.Keys to the genera in Echinuriinae and the species in Cordonema and Skrjabinovlava are included.We wish to acknowledge the field support by Dr D. S. Rabor, Department of Biology, Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, Republic of the Philippines, and the technicians of the Parasitology Department of Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 for general assistance in procurement and examination of hosts. Dr John M. Kinsella kindly read the manuscript and improved it with his advice.

Nematode parasites of Oceanica

Viktorocara acholonui sp.nov. is described from a babbler, Alcippe brunnea, from Taiwan. It differs from V. charadrii Belopolskaja, 1959, and V. guschanscoi Leonov, 1958, in having a longer pharynx and in shape of tip of left spicule, and from V. tenuis (Maplestone, 1932) in having 6 rather than 10–13 pairs of preanal papillae.Smetaleksenema gen.nov. is proposed for Skrjabinobronema pileati Smetanina et Alekseev, 1968, which becomes Smetaleksenema pileati (Smetanina et Alekseev, 1968), comb.nov. It differs from Ancyracanthopsis Diesing, 1861, in having serrated cephalic processes. The species is redescribed.Ornithostrongylus vetterlingi sp.nov. is described from emerald doves, Chalcophaps indica, from Borneo and Palawan. It differs from all other species in the shape of the gubernaculum and in possessing a striated, common spicule sheath which binds the spicules tightly together.Also reported and briefly discussed are: Viguiera dicrurusi Gupta, 1960; V. buckleyi (Yeh, 1954) Chabaud, 1957; Cyrnea (P.) excisiformis Yamaguti, 1935; C. (P.) leptoptera (Rudolphi, 1819) Chabaud, 1958; C. (C.) eurycerca Seurat, 1914; Physaloptera alata Rudolphi, 1819; Ornithostrongylus quadriradiatus (Stevenson, 1904) Travassos, 1914; O. travassosi Maplestone, 1932; Amidostomum skrjabini Boulenger, 1926; and Epomidiostomum anatinum Skrjabin, 1915.We wish to acknowledge the field support by Dr D. S. Rabor, Department of Biology, Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, Republic of the Philippines, and the technicians of the Parasitology Department of Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 for general assistance in procurement and examination of hosts, and to Mr H. G. Deignan (deceased), U.S. National Museum, for identification of birds.Initial work for this study was supported by funding under Public Law 480, section 104(c), by funds provided by the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department Work Unit MR 005.20-0098, by contract no. NR 103-690/N 0014-66-C0094, between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the Southwest Foundation for Research and Education, and research grant HE-5-P01-6M-13252-02 from National Institutes of Health, USPHS.Final efforts were sponsored by Department of the Army, contract no. DADA17-68-C-8094.

Nematode parasites of Oceanica

The capillariid nematodes present in avian hosts collected in Palawan and Borneo are recorded and described. Three new species are established, Capillaria javanensis from Dinopium javanense everetti, Drycopus javanensis hargitti, Mei-glyptes tukki tukki and Megalaima chrysopogon chrysopsis, Capillaria pitti from Pitta sordida sordida, Copyschus niger niger, Copyschus saularis and Chalcophaps indica indica, and Capillaria anthracocerosi from Anthracoceros marchei. Capillaria tridens and C. madseni are recorded from new hosts.We wish to acknowledge the field support by Dr D. S. Rabor, Department of Biology, Silliman University, Damaguete City, Negros Oriental, Republic of the Philippines, and the technicians of the Parasitology Department of Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 for general assistance in procurement and examination of hosts. The authors are indebted to Messrs H. G. Deignan (deceased) and George Watson, U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., as well as to Dr Rabor for identification of hosts. Dr B. J. Myers assisted with the initial handling of the speInitial work for this study was supported by funding under Public Law 480, Section 104(c), by funds provided by the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department Work Unit MR 005.20–0098, by contract no. NR 103–690/N 0014–66–C 0094, between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy and the Southwest Foundation for Research and Education, and grant no. 5 P01-GM-13252–02 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, DHEW. Final efforts were sponsored by the Department of the Army, contract no. DADA 17–68-C-8094.

Nematode parasites of Oceanica: VIII. Filariids of birds, with a new genus and four new species

SUMMARYFilariids of birds of Taiwan, Palawan and Sabah are discussed. Oceanifilaria verrucosa gen. et. sp.nov. from woodpeckers is proposed in Dicheilonematinae. It differs from other genera in the subfamily in having asymmetrical caudal alae, in lacking sessile papillae between the alae and in possessing a band of cuticular bosses at the anterior end followed by a bare zone, the latter followed by irregular bosses over the rest of the body. Aprocta calliderma sp.nov. from a cuckoo differs from A. papillosa Chabaud, Anderson & Brygoo, 1959, in having an oesophagus about one-sixth as long. Parornithofilaria hepatica sp.nov. from a pigeon differs from P. lienalis (Orloff, 1947) Sonin, 1965, in having unequal spicules with the right 110–120 mm and the left 140–175 μm long. Parornithofilaria sonini sp.nov. from magpies differs from P. hepatica in spicule shape, tail length and distribution of caudal papillae. Other species reported and briefly discussed are: Hamato-spiculum quadridens (Molin, 1858) Boulenger, 1928, H. cylindricum (Zeder, 1803) Hartwich, 1954; Aprocta lepidogrammi (Tubangui & Masiluñgan, 1937) Anderson & Chabaud, 1958; A. cylindrica Linstow, 1883; Pseudaprocta decorata Li, 1933; P. gubernacularia Schikhobolova, 1930; P. sichoealinensis Oshmarin & Belous, 1951; Paraprocta brevicauda (Chandler, 1924) Maplestone, 1931; Paronchocerca tonkinensis (Chow, 1939) Lopez-Neyra, 1947; Diplotriaena corrugata Wehr, 1930; D. epsilon Johnston & Mawson, 1940; D. henryi Blanc, 1919; D. leiperi Anderson, 1959; D. ozouxi (Railliet & Henry, 1909) Henry & Ozoux, 1909; D. pungens (Schneider, 1866) Henry & Ozoux, 1909; and D. unguiculata (Rudolphi, 1819) Li, 1933.We wish to acknowledge the field support by Dr D. S. Rabor, Department of Biology, Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, Republic of the Philippines, and the technicians of the Parasitology Department of Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 for general assistance in procurement and examination of hosts. Dr B. J. Myers assisted with initial handling of the specimens.

Nematode parasites of Oceanica.

Foleyella confusa sp.nov. is described from Rana limnocharis on Luzon, near Manila. It differs from F. duboisi (Gedoelst) in arrangement and number of anal papillae, in spicule size in relation to length of body, and in overall size. Icosiella hoogstraali sp.nov. from Rana macrodon on Palawan differs from others in the genus in having a left spicule 1·955 mm long and a single preanal papilla. Gnathostoma spinigerum and Cosmocerca japonica are also reported.We thank Dr Roy C. Anderson, University of Guelph, for reading the manuscript and offering his comments on it.The authors wish to acknowledge the field support by Dr D. S. Rabor, Department of Biology, Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, Republic of the Philippines, and the technicians of the Parasitology Department of Naval Medical Research Unit no. 2 for general assistance in obtaining and examining hosts.Initial work for this study was supported by funding under Public Law 480, Section 104 (c), by funds provided by the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department Work Unit MR 005·20–0098, and by Contract No. NR 103–690/N0014–66-C 0094, between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the Southwest Foundation for Research and Education.Final efforts were sponsored by Department of the Army, Contract No. DADA 17–68–C–8094.

Nematode parasites of mammals (Dermoptera, Primates, Pholidota, Rodentia, Carnivora, and Artiodactyla) from North Borneo (Malaysia)

The present report is one of a series concerned with the helminths of vertebrates taken by the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2 Expedition to North Borneo in 1960. Nematodes were obtained from flying lemurs, primates, anteaters, rodents, carnivores, and hoofed mammals.