Prevalence of anti-platelet factor4/polyanionic antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and CoronaVac in Thais

Introduction: Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) has been reported after vaccination with the adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in European countries. To date, no case of VITT has been reported in Thais after COVID-19 vaccination. We determined the frequency of anti-PF4/polyanionic antibodies in the Thai population receiving the COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of anti-PF4/polyanionic antibodies in health care workers who received COVID-19 vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or CoronaVac within 7-35 days. A control population who had not been vaccinated was also included. Anti-PF4/polyanionic antibodies were detected using enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Functional assay with platelet aggregation was performed for all positive anti-PF4/polyanionic antibody ELISA tests. Results: A total of 646 participants were included in the study. 221 received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, 232 received CoronaVac, and 193 participants were in the control group. The prevalence of anti-PF4 antibodies was 2.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7 to 5.2), 1.7% (95% CI, 0.5 to 4.4) in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and CoronaVac groups, respectively. There was no positive test in the control group. None of the PF4/polyanionic positive sera induced platelet aggregation. Conclusion: We found a low prevalence of anti-PF4 antibodies in Thais after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and CoronaVac. Low titer positive PF4/polyanionic ELISA results should be interpreted with caution when screening asymptomatic individuals after vaccination against COVID-19.

L-ergothioneine and Metformin Alleviates Liver Injury in Experimental Type-2 Diabetic Rats via Reduction of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Hypertriglyceridemia

Diabetic-induced liver toxicity is a serious complication that cause significant metabolic dysfunction. L-ergothioneine (L-egt) is a bioactive nutraceutical obtained from mushrooms and certain food products, with reported cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and potential to improve efficacy of existing therapy. Thus, this study evaluates the effects of L-egt, and/or metformin, on diabetes-induced liver injury. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using 10% fructose for two weeks, followed by a single low dose streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg i.p) injection. After induction of diabetes, animals were treated either with de-ionized water (DW), L-egt (35 mg/kg bwt), metformin (500 mg/kg bwt), or a combination of L-egt and metformin orally for seven weeks. Body weight and glucose were monitored during the experiment. At the completion of experiment, blood samples were collected, and liver tissue was excised for biochemical analysis, enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of various liver function biomarkers, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis of genes associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism, as well as histopathological evaluation. Diabetic animals showed liver hypertrophy, increased liver injury, hepatic triglycerides, oxidative stress, and hepatic inflammation. However, L-egt, and/or metformin, improved glycemic control, reduced liver injury, triglycerides, oxidative damage, inflammatory injury, and normalize liver histology by upregulating Nrf2/Sirt1, downregulate NF-kB/TGF-B1, and reduce SREBP1c/FAS expression. In conclusion, these results showed that combination of L-egt and metformin improve therapeutic efficacy than either treatment alone. Thus, L-egt can be used as an adjuvant to mitigate diabetes-induced liver complication.

Lab-Made Electronic Nose for Fast Detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus

The aim of this study is to determine the performance of a lab-made electronic nose (e-nose) composed of an array of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors in the detection and differentiation of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) incubated in trypticsoy broth (TSB) media. Conventionally, the detection of L. monocytogenes and B. cereus is often performed by enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These techniques require trained operators and expert, expensive reagents and specific containment. In this study, three types of samples, namely, TSB media, L. monocytogenes (serotype 4b American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 13792), and B. cereus (ATCC) 10876, were used for this experiment. Prior to measurement using the e-nose, each bacterium was inoculated in TSB at 1 × 103–104 CFU/mL, followed by incubation for 48 h. To evaluate the performance of the e-nose, the measured data were then analyzed with chemometric models, namely linear and quadratic discriminant analysis (LDA and QDA), and support vector machine (SVM). As a result, the e-nose coupled with SVM showeda high accuracy of 98% in discriminating between TSB media and L. monocytogenes, and between TSB media and B. cereus. It could be concluded that the lab-made e-nose is able to detect rapidly the presence of bacteria L. monocytogenes and B. cereus on TSB media. For the future, it could be used to identify the presence of L. monocytogenes or B. cereus contamination in the routine and fast assessment of food products in animal quarantine.

KORELASI ANTARA KADAR SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE DENGAN MALONDIALDEHID PADA JARINGAN KERATOSIS SEBOROIK

Keratosis seboroik (KS) merupakan tumor jinak epidermis dan sering dikeluhkan karena secara kosmetik mengganggu penampilan. Superoksida dismutase (SOD) merupakan salah satu antioksidan enzimatik intraseluler yang efektif mencegah stres oksidatif sebagai penyebab utama proses penuaan dan pembentukan lesi tumor keratosis seboroik. Malondialdehid (MDA) adalah senyawa dialdehida produk metabolit oksidasi membran sel oleh radikal bebas. Kadar antioksidan yang rendah biasanya disertai dengan peningkatan kadar MDA.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar SOD dan kadar MDA jaringan pada pasien keratosis seboroik.Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional potong lintang. Subjek penelitian didapatkan dari Poliklinik Kulit dan Kelamin RSUD dr. Saiful Anwar Malang secara consecutive sampling. Semua proses diagnosis, terapi pengangkatan lesi, serta pemeriksaan kadar SOD dan MDA jaringan keratosis seboroik dilakukan terhadap masing-masing subjek penelitian. Pemeriksaan SOD dan MDA jaringan menggunakan cara enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Bioassay. Uji normalitas data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Uji korelasi menggunakan uji Pearson. Analisis statistik menggunakan program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versi 15.Subjek penelitian yang didapatkan sebanyak 20 pasien. Rerata kadar SOD jaringan sebesar 0,7665 μM/L dan rerata kadar MDA jaringan sebesar 0,6727 μM/L. Koefisien korelasi antara kadar SOD jaringan dengan kadar MDA jaringan sebesar -0,447 dengan nilai p=0,048. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah kadar SOD akan semakin tinggi kadar MDA pada jaringan keratosis seboroik.Kata kunci: keratosis seboroik, SOD, MDA

Cytokines profile of mice infected by high and low virulences of Indonesian T. evansi isolates

<p>Surra in livestock is caused by Trypanosoma evansi, a homoflagella blood protozoa that circulate in extracellular. This disease is widespread in Asia, Africa, South and Central America. According to the immunological aspect, the severity of surra in livestock and mice which infected by trypanosoma is associated with an inflammatory response. On the other hand, the survival time of mice depends on the regulation of Th1 synthesis and proinflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and TNF-α. The aim of this study was to observe the responses of proinflammatory cytokines IFN γ, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory IL-10 which result from interaction with parasites. This information is needed for improvements in the management of prevention of Surra in animals. A total of 30 mice were divided into 3 groups. The group was infected with a low virulency T. evansi (Pml287); high virulence (Bang87) respectively and one group was not infected as control. Mice sera were collected in every 4 days for cytokine measurement using an Enzyme Link-Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The result showed a difference response of proinflammatory and antiinflammation cytokine profile between the infected mice by isolates Bang 87 and Pml 287. Early deaths in mice infected by Bang 87 isolate were suspected as a result of the response of systemic inflammation syndromes characterized by elevated IFN-γ levels that were not adequately compensated by anti-inflammatory. Anemia contributes to the cause of death in mice that support multiple organ failures (multiple organ disfunction).</p>

HYPOTHYROIDISM OCCURS DUE TO IODINE DEFICIENCY, THE HORMONAL ASSAY T3, T4 AND TSH DONE BY ELISA TEST IN UJJAIN DISTRICT MP INDIA

Hypothyroidism is a ‘Public health problem occurs due to Iodine deficiency and it is mostly described in Human population; significantly it is more common in female, than males. Interpretation of the TSH level depends upon the level of thyroid hormone; T3, T4 and TSH, low value of T3, T4 and high value of TSH defines thyroid disorders; Hypothyroidism and its vice-versa condition is Hyperthyroidism, the hormonal assay done by ELISA (Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay) test.

ANTIOBESITY OF FUCOXANTHIN FROM Sargassumechinocarpum BY INCREASING β-OXIDATION IN ADIPOCYTE

Fucoxanthin is a one of carotenoids that contained in brown seaweeds. This compound has been affected to lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiobesity of fucoxanthin of Sargassumechinocarpum on adipocyte by increasing of adiponectin and decreasing of tumor necrosis factor a expressions. Fucoxanthin was isolated from Sargassumechinocarpum and validated by infrared spectrophotometer. Adipocyte was obtained from pre-adipocyte cell from viscera tissue of wistar rats (Rattusnorvegicus) and cultured in fetal bovine serum and Dulbeccos modified eagle’s medium. Adipocyte was treated with fucoxanthin and quercetin as control. Expression of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor a of adipocyte was verified by enzyme link immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and observed by ELISA reader. The result showed that infrared spectra of Sargassumechinocarpumextract was equal with infrared spectra of fucoxanthin. Adipocyte cells treated with fucoxanthin showed increasing of adiponectin and decreasing of tumor necrosis factor a expression. It indicated that fucoxanthin able to enhance β-oxidation in adipocyte cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that fucoxanthin from Sargassumechinocarpum able to increase adiponectin and decrease tumor necrosis factor a expression in adipocyte and it is promising to develop anantiobesitynutraceutical.Keywords: adipocyte, adiponectin, fucoxanthin, Sargassumechinocarpum, tumor necrosis factor α

Preparation and Properties of Nanocomposites Containing FGF-2, other Related Dressings and the Primary Animal Tests

PU/ hydrogel composites or it containing fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) composites had been prepared by γ-ray radiation or room temperature(T) method in this paper. We utilized nanosized clay solution, thermosensitive N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm), Polyurethane (PU), and acrylic acid (AAc) as the starting materials to synthesize PU/hydrogel nanocomposite products. The dipping and weighing tests, Material Testing Machine (LLOYD) were employed to analyze the physical and mechanical properties differentially. In addition, the drug release and the wound closure in animal experiments were also finished by Enzyme-link immunosorbent assay( ELISA) reader and magnifier for five groups of treatment dressings. From the experimental results, we distinctly obtained that animal tests of the PU/hydrogel composite incorporating FGF-2 as a wound dressing was able to effectively interact with the wound in a suitable moist healing environment. From the results, we also gained that these composites make themselves more compatible with skin.

EVALUATION OF MAGNETIC-HYDROXYAPATITE NANOPARTICLES FOR GENE DELIVERY CARRIER

With the advancement of nanotechnology, nano-sized bioceramics have been dedicated much attention to biomedical applications in the past decades. In this study, the magnetic-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (mHap NPs) were synthesized and magnetized by the addition of irons into hydroxyapatite using precipitation process. The mHap NPs were with good biocompatibility and superparamagnetic property which would have great promise in biological applications. We have evaluated the essential properties including plasmid DNA (pDNA) binding capacity by electrophoresis, qualitative transfection efficiency by fluorescence microscopy and quantitative GDNF expression by enzyme-link immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results indicated that mHap NPs could be successfully binding with pDNA to form pDNA-mHap NPs transfection complex. The endocytosis of pDNA-mHap NPs transfection complex was mediated into cells and facilitated if magnetic field was applied. The transfection efficiency could also be significantly improved by magnetofection. The gene expression had been four-fold increase in high pDNA loading (2 μg/well) in transfection procedure with magnetic field compared with traditional transfection method. In brief, the mHap NPs have great potential as non-viral inorganic delivery carriers for gene delivery system.