DELINEATION OF SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT ZONES USING MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNIQUE

The basic objectives of this study were: 1) The ability to characterize the spatial variability across a soil for selected soil properties using GIS technique and 2) identification of site-specific management zones using selected soil properties using PCA and cluster analysis. 120 geo-referenced representative soil samples obtained from Sahl AlHussainiyah, El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, (from 0 to 0.60 m depth). These samples were prepared and analysed for soil characteristics, such as soil pH, electrical conductivity (ECe), calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ), soil organic matter (OM), available N, P, K, soil cations exchange capacity (CEC), and bulk density (BD). Using semi-variogram analysis and ordinary kriging, spatial distribution pattern varies from moderate to strong spatial dependence for most soil characteristics. Using PCA and cluster analysis, site-specific management zones were identified in the study area. For further analysis, four PCs with eigenvalues > 1 were used, with PCs explaining 73.19 percent of the variance. Four MZs were defined based on cluster analysis using an agglomerative hierarchical clustering technique. The differences between these MZs were statistically significant (p < 0.05). 3.01 (466.56 ha), 36.47 (5658.9 ha), 31.02 (4813.54 ha), and 29.5 percent (4577.8 ha) of the total area is MZ1, MZ2, MZ3, and MZ4 (15516.8 ha).

WATER LEVEL FLUCTUATION ASSESSMENT OF LAKE CHAD FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNIQUE

Surface water is a significant constituent of the water cycle, and is paramount for human survival, social and economic development as well as environmental sustainability. Water level shrinkage and global warming are the main phenomena that becoming worldwide environmental problems. Lake Chad has been in a critical situation in recent years due to a continuous decline in surface water and drought, over abstraction of water and climate change caused a significant change of a land cover patterns. The present study aimed to highlight the change pattern of water level in the lake over the past three decades, and the satellite images of the Lake Chad from Landsat-TM, ETM+ and OLI were analyzed to investigate the change of land cover pattern during three periods: the 1985, 2000 and 2015. Supervised classification was performed for land cover change analysis. Then the overall accuracies of the classification of Landsat-TM is 93.80, Landsat-ETM+ is 90.80 and Landsat-OLI is 86.20 respectively. The result shows that there are continuous decline of water bodies, barren land and shrub, with rapid increment of farmland and gallery forest.

Study on Distribution of Rhododendron Arboreum Sm. In Langtang National Park Using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing

The paper is based on the study of distribution of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. in Langtang National Park ranging from 600 m to 7234 m. The study was carried out the Remote-Sensing and Geographic Information System technique. SPOT Image and ERDAS Software have been used for the image processing. The program has detected different ecological parameters in tropical to alpine zone and verified ground truth Rhododendron arboretum of the study.

Spatially Distribution of Quercus semecarifolia in Rasuwa District Using GIS and RS

The paper is based on the case study of Rasuwa district, is a land of geographical extremes, ranging from 600 m Betrabati river to 7234 m Langtang Lirung, the highest point in the northwest. The study was carried out on the detection of Quercus semecarifolia J.E.Smith using Remote-Sensing and Geographic Information System technique. SPOT Image and ERDAS Software have used for the image processing. The program has detected the different types of ecological parameters in tropical to alpine zone and specified the plant species in the study after ground truthing.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(4): 747-749

Development and Application of Electronic Chart System in Ocean Navigation

With rapid development of the geographic information system technique, the electronic chart has come into being and is more and more mature. The electronic chart can provide the accurate and detailed information about the ocean environment, including the depth of water, situation of the seabed, distance from the shore, position, orientation and velocity of the ship, and other useful information. This paper first gives some introduction about the electronic chart. After analyzing the characteristics of the electronic chart, the application of the electronic chart in ocean navigation is provided. Finally the existing problem of the electronic chart and its future development trend are also discussed.

Coastline Change Surround Sekampung River Estuary Estimated by Geographic Information System Technique

Surround a big river estuary coastline has a dynamic characteristic and change along a period of time, because of anatural process and/or it is accelerated by human activities. The surround Sekampung river estuary coastline located in Rawa Sragi area is one of the most dynamic coastlines in southern Lampung Province that has changed significantly from 1959 (as a natural process) to year 1987 (as an accelerated process by human activities) since the government of Indonesia has applied swamp drainage system for Rawa Sragi area. It is likely that the coastline has changed significantly in the period of 1987 to 2009 (as an increasing intensity of the human activities in the surrounding Rawa Sragi land). The objective of this research was to analyze the coastline change in the surrounding of Sekampung river estuary in two periods of time: (1) the change of the 1959 – 1987 period coastlines; and (2) the change of the 1987 – 2009 period coastlines. The method of this research was a GIS technique, the implementation was divided into three main steps: (1) the first analysis was conducted in laboratory include raster data source analysis and registration, coastline digitations, and overlaying and analysis of the coastline data; (2) field observation (ground check) was conducted to observe and verify the ground existing coastline; and (3) the last analysis wasconducted after ground check activity to improve and to verify the first coastline analysis results. The result of this research indicated that coastline change in the period of 1959 to 1987 increased the coast land as much as 717.19 hectares, but decreased the coast land as much as 308.51 hectares. Furthermore the coastline change in the period of 1987 to 2009 increased the coast land as much as 162.504 hectares, but decreased the coast land as much as 492.734 hectares. The 1959 – 1987 coastline change was a coast land increasing period, but the 1987 – 2009 coastline change was a coast land decreasing period.Keywords: Abrasion, accretion, coast land, coastline, estuary