FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES: A STUDY BASED ON SELECTED PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS

Employees’ commitment can help in overall development of an organization. Alternatively, their non-involvement can put it into a deep trouble. The present era of globalization has given birthto different categories of non-payroll employees. They are normally hired for short term employment purposes that come to an end with the attainment of same. This type of contingent assignment may lead to their non-involvement in work processes and positive turnover intentions. Here, in our present study, we have tried to identify several factors using factor analysis that might be behind in this relation. In this regard, we have considered a group of temporary employees of different selected Public Sector Undertakings.

Revival of Indian Telecom PSUs through Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) and Corporate Innovation

There was a time when BSNL was the king of the Indian telecom industry and today it is not even able to pay the salaries to its employees. There are some series of causes like un-updated technology, huge employee cost, lack of management, hyper-competition, impaired marketing strategies that has led BSNL, a state-owned PSU, into deep trouble. This paper covers the present status of BSNL in comparison to its competitors. The study finds out the relevance of innovation and the importance of mergers and acquisitions in the telecom sector of India. In line with this, the study provides a strategic revival plan for BSNL to strengthen its financial position and performance. The outcome of the study is that the BSNL can revive itself by acquiring MTNL, by incorporating continuous innovation and by adopting innovative marketing strategies in its business

What Counts as a Family—And Who Is to Decide?

This case study seeks to explore some of the complexities involved in a child’s and later a young woman’s efforts to be recognized by the adult world as a human being in deep trouble. It originates from an interview with Mary, a twenty-three-year-old woman who participated in a study of social network responses to young people with health problems. Since her family was the locus of her troubles, she had tried to get recognition from adults in a number of ways. Her narrative brings to the fore some essential questions for a relational bioethical approach to healthcare, such as: What counts as a family—and who is to decide? What kind of ethical dilemmas will personnel in a family-oriented healthcare system have to face if they meet children who introduce them to family forms that are not self-evident?

Europäische Handels- und Agrarpolitik gegenüber Afrika Mit einem kritischen Blick auf den Beitrag der Wirtschaftswissenschaften

European trade policy with Africa is in deep trouble. We observe a triple policy failure. (1) The EU tries to draw African partner countries into comprehensive deep integration agreements, far more than these countries can arguably support. (2) For trade in goods, safeguard clauses in the EPAs are patchy. They cannot satisfy African needs for smart protection of agricultural and industrial businesses. Facing the refusal of some African governments to sign, the EU has no answer. Ensuing fragmentation of African regional economic communities is a disaster. Rapid repair work of the existing regional EPA drafts looks more promising than a grand solution with the new African Continental Free Trade Area. (3) Negative impact of the EU Common Agricultural Policy on African producers must finally be acknowledged and at least partly compensated. – A deeply divided economic profession delivering trunked analyses with regard to all three complexes is unfortunately of limited help to policy-makers.

Social science, contemporary philosophy of

Some philosophers think that the study of social phenomena must apply methods from natural science. Researchers should discover causal regularities (whenever C operates, E occurs) and fit them into systematic theories. Some philosophers hold that social phenomena call for an entirely different approach, in which researchers seek to interpret fully the meaning of people’s actions, including their efforts to communicate and cooperate. On this view, the nearest that researchers will come to regularities will be to discover rules (whenever the situation is S, everyone must do A). The nearest that they will get to systematic theories will be systematic expositions of rules, like the rules of a kinship system. Besides the naturalistic school and the interpretive school, the philosophy of social science harbours a critical school. This finds researches endorsed by the other two schools shot through with bias. It inclines to agree with the interpretive school in resisting naturalistic methods. However, its charges against naturalistic researches extend to interpretations. For interpretations may give untroubled pictures of societies in deep trouble, or picture the trouble in ways that serve the interests of the people who profit from it, for example, by leaving current rules about taking workers on and laying them off unquestioned. Here the critical school may itself use naturalistic methods. If it contends that ignoring ways of reassigning authority over employment increases the chances of private enterprises’ retaining their present authority, the critical school is talking about a causal connection. There is no rule that says anyone must increase the chances. Yet the researches sponsored by the three schools are complementary to the degree that researches into regularities and into rules are complementary. Settled social rules have counterparts in causal regularities, which may be expressed in similar terms, although the evidence for regularities need not include intended conformity. Some regularities are not counterparts of rules, but involve rules notwithstanding. If the proportion of marriages in Arizona ending in divorce is regularly one-third, that is not (as it happens) because one-third of Arizonans who marry must divorce. Yet marriage and divorce are actions that fall under rules. The three schools do more than endorse studies of rules or regularities. The critical school denies that any study of social phenomena can be value-free, in particular on the point of emancipating people from the oppressions of current society. Either researchers work with the critical school to expose oppression; or they work for the oppressors. The interpretive school brings forward subjective features of human actions and experiences that overflow the study of rules. These features, too, may be reported or ascribed correctly or incorrectly; however, the truth about them may be best expressed in narrative texts more or less elaborate. Postmodernism has generalized these themes in a sceptical direction. Every text can be read in multiple, often conflicting, ways, so there are always multiple, often conflicting, interpretations of whatever happens. Every interpretation serves a quest for power, whether or not it neatly favours or disfavours an oppressive social class. Such contentions undermine assumptions that the three schools make about seeking truth regarding social phenomena. They do even more to undermine any assumption that the truths found will hold universally. The assumption about universality, however, is a legacy of the positivist view of natural science. Positivism has given way to the model-theoretic or semantic view that science proceeds by constructing models to compare with real systems. A model – in social science, a model of regularities or one of rules – that fits any real system for a time is a scientific achievement empirically vindicated. Renouncing demands for universality, the philosophy of social science can make a firm stand on issues raised by postmodernism. It can accept from postmodernists the point that scientific success happens in local contexts and only for a time; but resist any further-reaching scepticism.

Pakistan's Sharif is in deep trouble

Subject Pakistan's Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif faces disqualification. Significance Amid the fallout from the ‘Panamagate’ scandal in 2016, the Supreme Court in April appointed a Joint Investigation Team (JIT) to investigate accusations of tax fraud and money laundering against Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. With the court now having examined the report of the JIT, pressure is rising on Sharif and the ruling Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N). Impacts The government may struggle to respond to demands relating to the Trump administration's Afghan review. Pakistan under Khan would be neutral between Saudi Arabia and Iran; Sharif has leant towards the Saudis. India-Pakistan ties may deteriorate, with the military less keen on improving relations.