Analysis of Multiple Correspondence Against Crimes in Sleman Regency

Crime is bad behavior, from social and religious norms and it makes psychology and economics harm. Stealing, ill-treatment, embezzlement, deception, deception/embezzlement, and adultery are the most crime in the last 9 months. Therefore, for identify the type of crime in the community we need a method to see the tendency of a category using multiple correspondence analysis methods. Analysis of multiple correspondences is one of the descriptive statistics that use to describe a pattern of relationships from contingency’s table with the aim of finding liability between categories. The results of the correspondence analysis are that the tendency of criminal suspect to be related to this types of crime of stealing and ill-treatment to be done by students or students less than 25 years old and were male, suspect of deception and adultery tends to be done by women over 40 years old and does not work, and suspect of embezzlement tends by workers and their ages around 25 to 40 years. The liability of the relation between criminal incidents and the types of crime is the types of crime of ill-treatment and adultery that are most prone to occur in shops with vulnerable hours 00:00-05:59 and 18:00-23:59.

Determination of a Criminal Suspect Using Environmental Plant DNA Metabarcoding Technology

Background: There are criminal cases that no frequently used evidence, for example, DNAs from the criminal, is available. Such cases usually are unresolvable. With the advent of DNA metabarcoding, evidences are mined from environmental DNA and such cases become resolvable. This study reports how a criminal suspect was determined by environmental plant DNA metabarcoding technology. A girl was killed in a rural wet area in China without a witness or video record. Pants with dried mud was found from one of her boyfriend’s house. The mud was removed from the pants and 11 more mud or soil samples surrounding murder scene were collected. DNA was extracted from the soil. Chloroplast rbcL gene fragments were amplified and sequenced on a next generation sequencing platform. Results: After bioinformatics analysis, of the 2980 ZOTUs in total obtained from the 12 samples, 1495 ZOTUs were identified to species, genera or families based on the existing public database. The feast analysis based on either taxa or taxa plus abundance data demonstrated that the mud on the suspect’s pants was from the criminal scene. Conclusions: The suspect finally made a clean breast of his crime. This case implies that plant DNA in the environment soil is a new source of evidence in determination of suspects using DNA metabarcoding technology and has high potentials of extensive applications in criminal cases.

A portable sperm cell purification instrument based on continuous flow acoustophoretic separation of sperm cells for on-site forensic sample pretreatment

Obtaining purified male sperm specimen from the original forensic sample mixtures is a critical procedure in identifying criminal suspect in the forensic analysis of sexual assult crimes. Differential extraction (DE)...

Analisis Yuridis Efektivitas Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban dalam Proses Pemeriksaan Perkara Pidana di Kota Batam

Witness is a person who sees, hears, and directly experiences the occurrence of a criminal act. The information conveyed by the witness can assist the investigation process to the court to reveal the actual criminal suspect. Meanwhile, victim is a person experiencing the occurrence of a criminal act that causes harm materially or physically. This study uses empirical research methods which in this study the writer used research from primary data.The results of this study are witnesses and victims have priority in their statements during the investigation process of criminal cases both at the investigation stage and the court investigation stage. The implementation of protection as in the Act on Witness and Victim Protection in Batam City has not been fully effective because there are several rights of witnesses and/or victims that cannot be fulfilled by the Police since there are no special authority and special budget to provide protection for witnesses and/or victims in criminal cases in Batam city.

Admissibility of DNA Evidence in Court

Chapter 13 offers an overview of the legal rules governing the admissibility of forensic DNA typing results in US court cases. It begins with the basic evidentiary and constitutional rules governing admissibility of DNA typing results, including the Frye and Daubert tests for reliability of expert methods, confrontation clause and hearsay limitations on offering a DNA interpretation based in part on the analysis of a nontestifying expert, and Fourth Amendment case law related to DNA results stemming from nonconsensual DNA sampling from a criminal suspect. It then explores the status of reliability challenges to various forms of DNA evidence, setting forth both areas of consensus, in which the reliability of DNA typing results will not likely be disputed, and areas of controversy. Finally, it explores the status of constitutional challenges to DNA evidence under the confrontation clause and Fourth Amendment and concludes with a view of DNA admissibility issues related to emerging issues such as phenotyping, next generation sequencing, and Rapid DNA.

Real-Time Height Measurement for Moving Pedestrians

Height measurement for moving pedestrians is quite significant in many scenarios, such as pedestrian positioning, criminal suspect tracking, and virtual reality. Although some existing height measurement methods can detect the height of the static people, it is hard to measure height accurately for moving pedestrians. Considering the height fluctuations in dynamic situation, this paper proposes a real-time height measurement based on the Time-of-Flight (TOF) camera. Depth images in a continuous sequence are addressed to obtain the real-time height of the pedestrian with moving. Firstly, a normalization equation is presented to convert the depth image into the grey image for a lower time cost and better performance. Secondly, a difference-particle swarm optimization (D-PSO) algorithm is proposed to remove the complex background and reduce the noises. Thirdly, a segmentation algorithm based on the maximally stable extremal regions (MSERs) is introduced to extract the pedestrian head region. Then, a novel multilayer iterative average algorithm (MLIA) is developed for obtaining the height of dynamic pedestrians. Finally, Kalman filtering is used to improve the measurement accuracy by combining the current measurement and the height at the last moment. In addition, the VICON system is adopted as the ground truth to verify the proposed method, and the result shows that our method can accurately measure the real-time height of moving pedestrians.

Hak-Hak Tersangka (Miranda Rule) pada Tahap Penyidikan dalam Kitab UU Hukum Acara Pidana

The protection of the rights of a criminal suspect is very important because after all the suspect is a person whose personal independence has been taken away as a result of arrest, detention, confiscation and so on. Therefore, the law is needed to guarantee the taking of rights from these suspects. The purpose of this research is to find out the arrangements for the rights of suspects (Miranda Rule) at the investigation stage in the Criminal Code Law and to discuss legal protection of the rights of suspects (Miranda Rule) at the investigation stage. This research uses a normative legal research method using a statutory approach by examining all laws related to the writing of the rights of suspects (Miranda Rule) at the investigation stage of the Criminal Procedure Code and a conceptual approach by combining expert opinions so that it becomes a researcher's argument. The results of the research show that the regulation of the rights of suspects (Miranda Rule) at the stage of investigation in the Criminal Procedure Code is suspected in Article 1 paragraph (14) of the Criminal Procedure Code for a person who due to his actions or circumstances, based on preliminary evidence, is reasonably suspected of being the perpetrator of a criminal offense, the Miranda Rule regulation applies in law. Criminal Procedure in Indonesia. Suspects. In addition, the legal protection of the suspect at the investigation stage has explicitly tried to provide protection to avoid harsh treatment of the suspect or defendant. Investigators should have followed the rules to explain the rights of suspects. Apart from that, special attention should be paid to law enforcement in Indonesia, and it is hoped that suspects must better understand their rights as suspects so that they can defend themselves.

Forensic analysis of Soil Microbiomes: Linking Evidence to a Geographic Location

ABSTRACTOver the past two decades, advances in molecular biology have greatly expanded our understanding of microbiomes – the diverse assemblages of microorganisms that inhabit the human body as well as the world around us, and applications in microbiome science have become an active area of research. Differences in the diversity (i.e., richness) and composition of microbiomes has been found to be informative in varied areas of science, including human health, agronomy, and forensic science. Soil harbors microbiomes that vary based on many factors, including the geology of the soil (e.g., sand, silt, or clay), climate, and use of the soil. As a result, the microbiological composition of any two soil samples will never be exactly alike. This inherent variation between microbiomes of different locations has proven to be specific enough to be potentially useful in forensic investigations to associate a person or piece of evidence to a source site.In this study, a soil microbiome was extracted from the sock of a criminal suspect and compared to the microbiome of soil samples taken from locations traveled to by the suspect. The locations analyzed varied in their soil microbiome composition, and the microbiome profiled from the sock was found to be most similar to the location where the suspect was thought to have left the body of a murder victim. These results provide a case study illustrating that information contained in a soil microbiome may be applied to link evidence to the location where a crime took place, potentially serving as an investigative tool in law enforcement.

The Usual Suspects: Prior Criminal Record and the Probability of Arrest

A unique dataset is analyzed to investigate the effect of a criminal suspect’s prior criminal record on the probability of arrest. Multivariate logistic regression results show that a criminal suspect with a prior criminal record is approximately 29 times more likely than a suspect without a criminal record to be arrested by police. While findings also reveal that Black suspects and Black suspects with a prior criminal record do not have an enhanced proclivity of arrest, Black suspects with a prior criminal record who target White victims are almost three times more apt to be arrested. When juxtaposed with the finding in the baseline model of a substantive relationship between a suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest absent the control for prior criminal record, our results suggest that any correlation evinced between a criminal suspect’s race and the likelihood of arrest without controlling for the suspect’s prior criminal history may be spurious due to omitted variable bias.