Wilding the domestic: Camp servants and glamping in British India

How can a jungle be domestic, and a camp servant be a domestic servant? This article argues for a reconceptualisation of historical forests and jungles of India: spaces usually conceived of as wild and hostile in the popular imagination were also a domestic realm. Pushing the boundaries of traditional conceptualisations of both domestic and wild, I examine the lives of late nineteenth to early twentieth-century camp servants and colonial officers living and working in the central Indian hinterland. Building on my work on populations I have referred to as ‘subaltern shikaris’, typically ‘tribal’ employees in British big game hunting expeditions, and drawing from a vast literature left behind by European forest officers and big game hunters in central India, this article shows how servants and servitude were vital to establishing that jungle camps could indeed be quite domestic.

Honouring Nancy Barnes, nee Brumbie (1927–2012), South Australia’s first qualified Aboriginal Kindergarten Director

To date, the work of Aboriginal early childhood educators in the mid-twentieth century has not been widely acknowledged. Nancy Barnes, nee Brumbie (1927–2012), exemplifies the strength and tenacity of Aboriginal Australians who had to negotiate their lives and work in white institutions and a society which denied them fundamental human rights. Nancy graduated from the Adelaide Kindergarten Training College in December 1956 as the first qualified Aboriginal kindergarten director in South Australia. Following on, she was the foundation director of Ida Standley Preschool in Alice Springs (1959–1962) then the first ‘regional director’ in the Kindergarten Union of South Australia. Based on traditional archival research and analysis of public documents and Barnes’ autobiography, the article begins with her childhood and youth as a domestic servant and then explores her career, political activism, experiences of racism and lifelong commitment to addressing inequalities between Aboriginal and white Australians through education.

“On the proper keeping of linen and clothes”: organization of laundry in urban noble-intellectual families of Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century

The article is aimed at characterization of the ways of laundry organization in the urban noble-intellectual families of post-reform Russia, identification of the extent of innovations in this area, and of the degree of transition of this activity from the field of domestic labour to social production. The sources of the research include paperwork of laundry facili-ties, statistical data, numerous housekeeping manuals and instructions for laundry organization, memoirs, diaries and house books of urban nobles, especially noble women, and, finally, fiction and publicistic writings of this period. The study follows a methodological approach that combines research methods characteristic for the history of everyday life (first of all, historical reconstruction method), the theory of sociocultural dynamics, and the theory of “topochron”. The author concludes that, despite the significant increase of personal participation of educated housewives in household chores, which took place at the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century, this change did not extend to laundry, which was completely delegated to a special person — laundress. The employee herself could act as a single-family domestic servant, a worker who served in a laundry establishment or an independent day laborer who offered her ser-vices to all concerned. Moreover, the first group — laundresses — domestic servants — was extremely rare in the post-reform period. Washing could be carried out both “at the owners’ home”, and “on the side”. “Home washing”, which provided a theoretical opportunity for the employer to control the employee’s activities, was regarded as more preferable, both in terms of service quality and price. Active development of the laundry networks in the late 19th — early 20th century, some of which used machine washing, had little impact on lives of educated citizens. The laundries were oriented, first of all, to work with institutions, and among the “citizens” their services were mainly used by small noble-intellectual families who did not have an opportunity to invite a day labourer. Throughout the post-reform period, handwashing continued to be the most popular way to care for clothing, and the nature of the laundress’s labor re-mained virtually unchanged, still staying “backbreaking” and extremely poorly mechanized.

Women’s History and Movements in 20th-Century Brazil

In the early twentieth century, Brazil depended on coffee exports, its slave regime had just been abolished, and most of its inhabitants lived in the countryside. The Catholic Church exercised the moral direction of society, and White landowners virtually established the rules of sociability and controlled economic and political life. A woman’s social position was fundamentally determined according to their social class. Wealthy and White middle-class women had access to some form of education, and when they left the family home, it was to marry and raise a family, being completely dependent on their husbands, with no political rights, and only allowed to work upon marital authorization. With rapid urbanization, wretched working conditions, as either a domestic servant or a textile worker (the two female labor niches), worsened the lives of poor women in the city. Access to education, the struggle for labor rights, and the right to vote were the pillars of the long women’s emancipation process that was in progress. In 1964 a military coup plunged Brazil into a long dictatorship that only ended in 1985 with the return of democratic institutions and the election of a civil president. The conquest of democracy was made with the broad participation of the various women’s groups and movements, especially the feminist movements.

A Hegemonic View on Short Story Aku dan Mereka Berbeda

This study aims to determine the form of hegemony of the employer's power against the servants on short story Aku dan Mereka Berbeda. The Post-colonialism analysis was used to obtain in-depth understanding and information about the form of hegemony of the employer’s power conveyed by story. Source of data were taken from the short story entitled Aku dan Mereka Berbeda written by Abdul Latief. The short story itself was contained on a short stories collection Melihat tanpa Mata published by Gong Publishing in 2010. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded three main characters that play a role in Abdul Latief's short story as figures reflected on colonialism. The employer figure is shown as a colonial nation, a servant figure as a colonized nation, and the author figure as a freedom fighter. The short story also conveys an ideological hegemony of white skin supremacy. The hegemonic aspect of power is also evident in this short story with the depiction of employers as the upper class and the servant as the lower class. The gender hegemony can also be seen in this short story through the depiction of women as lowly and oppressed domestic servant.

‘She done Coriolanus at the Convent’: Empowerment and Entrapment in Teresa Deevy's In Search of Valour

This article explores the gender politics of a neglected one-act play by Teresa Deevy, first staged at the Abbey in 1931, that revolves around the young female protagonist's recollection of a convent production of Shakespeare's Coriolanus in which the title role was taken by a young woman. This role model offers inspiration for a character confined as a domestic servant and defiantly seeking an alternative to the stultifying circumstances of life in rural Free State Ireland. While Ellie Irwin resembles other spirited Deevy heroines, the doubling of the young servant with her memory of Charlotta Burke as a non-cross-dressed Coriolanus adds a different dramatic dimension and raises questions of gender performance that the play's critical reception has not always acknowledged.

Out of Somerset

This chapter disputes the notion that city satire is exclusively a metropolitan—London—form of writing, arguing that it was also a cultural form, a disposition, a way of thinking, available to all manner of late eighteenth-century people including the two working-class, provincial writers considered here. Two workers—a domestic servant and a stocking maker—raise questions about the uses of satire in class analysis and about satire’s audiences and satire’s users. The chapter is also an argument with the many eighteenth-century commentators who told historians that they should have no doings with satire.

Fun v. Pulgar and Albergrin

Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic agents — Immunity from jurisdiction — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Article 31(1)(c) — Action by domestic servant alleging that she had been trafficked and forced to work by former employers — Certification of diplomatic status of former employers — Whether diplomatic immunity continuing despite subsequent termination of diplomatic status — Whether commercial activity exception applicable to hiring of domestic servant — Whether subsequent attempts at service defective — Whether Court lacking jurisdiction — The law of the United States

Montuya v. Chedid and Another

Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic agents — Immunity from jurisdiction — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Article 31(1)(c) — Action by domestic servant employed at residence of diplomatic agent — Certification of diplomatic status — Whether employment of domestic servant a commercial activity — Whether outside diplomat’s official function — Immunity limited to acts performed in exercise of official functions — Whether Court lacking jurisdictionTreaties — Interpretation — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Article 31(1)(c) — Commercial activity exception — Scope — Whether Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and related case law relevant in determining scope of exceptionRelationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961 — Diplomatic Relations Act — Whether Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and related case law relevant in interpreting Vienna Convention — Balancing rights of individual against benefits of diplomatic immunity — Policy decision — Whether appropriate for courts to intervene — Whether Court having jurisdiction over complaintsComity — Diplomatic relations — Diplomatic immunity enhancing relations among nations — Balancing rights of individual against benefits of diplomatic immunity — Policy decision — Whether appropriate for courts to intervene — Whether Court having jurisdiction — The law of the United States