A WIPO Pearl szabadalmi terminológiai adatbázis bemutatása

A tanulmány célja a Szellemi Tulajdonjog Világszervezet (World Intel- lectual Property Organization, WIPO) szabadalmi fordítási osztálya által (Patent Cooperation Treaty Translation Division)1,2 megvalósított, nyilvánosan elérhető WIPO Pearl szabadalmi terminológiai adatbázis bemutatása. A terminológiai adat- bázis leírása és elemzése a Tamás és Sermann (2019a, 2019b) kísérleti szempontrend- szer alapján készült, amelynek célja, hogy a nyomtatott és elektronikus szótárak elemzési módszereit követve a nagy szervezetek online terminológiai adatbázisok elemzései is lehetőség szerint szakmailag objektív szempontok alapján készüljenek. Ennek megfelelően az írás összegzi a terminológiai adatbázissal kapcsolatos háttér- információkat, a technikai paramétereket, az adatbázis tartalmáról és használatáról szóló információkat, továbbá kitér a szabadalmi terminológia sajátos jellemzőire.

Protection of intellectual property rights

This article is devoted to the analysis of legislation and scientific works on ways to protect intel-lectual property rights. Material property existed long before the development of the first state, therefore, its protection has long been enshrined in many regulations, sufficiently studied and tested in practice. Intellectual property gained its importance much later - with the advent of a democratic society. Using methods of cognition, such as generalization and synthesis, the analysis of scientific works and legal framework of Ukraine and international experience is carried out, the list of illegal actions aimed at infringement of intellectual property rights and currently taking place is determined. The analysis and the obtained data revealed discrepancies between the regulatory framework and methodology of Ukraine with international law and the problem of practical application of certain rules.

Pledge of intellectual property rights

We consider certain issues of pledge of intellectual property, analyze the definitions of the concepts “pledge”, “intellectual property”, “objects of intellectual rights”, etc. We comprehend the issues of civil law regulation of pledge relations, investigate the mechanisms of state support for the intel-lectual property pledge, and identify a number of factors that determine the positive effect of innovative enterprises development, receiving loans secured by intellectual property. We describe the risk factors of pledged collateral for loans, we note the criteria according to which the borrower has the right to conclude an agreement on the provision of subsidies from the federal budget to small and medium-sized businesses to expense reimbursement associated with obtaining loans secured by intellectual property rights. We pay attention to the issue of correlation of derivative rights with an independent object of pledge. We examine the insurance and market issues related to the risk factors of intellectual property pledge. We study the practice of granting loans secured by intellectual property, and also analyze the statistical indicators of such practice in individual countries of Europe and Asia.

Will China Become a Global Technological Giant?

The article argues that China has achieved a remarkable progress in promoting technology absorption and innovation over the past decade. China today spends 2.1 percent of GDP on R&D, more than the OECD average. By 2020, China together with the US will be responsible for more than half of the world’s R&D spending. These two countries may thus largely de-cide about the speed and direction of mankind’s technological progress. Despite the pro-gress, however, China still faces several challenges to becoming a global technological giant. To face these challenges, China would be well advised to increase the quality of innovation outputs, strengthen efficiency of public support for innovation, further strengthen intel-lectual property rights, and help enhance managerial practices of Chinese firms.