Recently Developed Adsorbing Materials for Fluoride Removal from Water and Fluoride Analytical Determination Techniques: A Review

In recent years, there has been an increase in public perception of the detrimental side-effects of fluoride to human health due to its effects on teeth and bones. Today, there is a plethora of techniques available for the removal of fluoride from drinking water. Among them, adsorption is a very prospective method because of its handy operation, cost efficiency, and high selectivity. Along with efforts to assist fluoride removal from drinking waters, extensive attention has been also paid to the accurate measurement of fluoride in water. Currently, the analytical methods that are used for fluoride determination can be classified into chromatographic methods (e.g., ionic chromatography), electrochemical methods (e.g., voltammetry, potentiometry, and polarography), spectroscopic methods (e.g., molecular absorption spectrometry), microfluidic analysis (e.g., flow injection analysis and sequential injection analysis), titration, and sensors. In this review article, we discuss the available techniques and the ongoing effort for achieving enhanced fluoride removal by applying novel adsorbents such as carbon-based materials (i.e., activated carbon, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes) and nanostructured materials, combining metals and their oxides or hydroxides as well as natural materials. Emphasis has been given to the use of lanthanum (La) in the modification of materials, both activated carbon and hybrid materials (i.e., La/Mg/Si-AC, La/MA, LaFeO3 NPs), and in the use of MgO nanostructures, which are found to exhibit an adsorption capacity of up to 29,131 mg g−1. The existing analytical methodologies and the current trends in analytical chemistry for fluoride determination in drinking water are also discussed.

Fluoride Determination by Ion Chromatography in Fluorocarbon Coatings

A quantitative ion chromatographic analytical method for the determination of fluorine in fluorocarbon coatings is proposed. The extraction of the anions from the samples was performed using potassium hydroxide after centrifugation drying to dissolved at preference temperature. Using H column to remove large amounts of potassium ions in the solution。In paper describe the observed limits of detection and of quantitation in mg kg-1 and the mean relative standard deviation in percent This method is simple operation, less interference factors, fast analysis speed, the determination results accurate and reliable, with good repeatability and reproducibility.

Fabrication of a miniaturized capillary waveguide integrated fiber-optic sensor for fluoride determination

Fluoride concentration is a key aspect of water quality and essential for human health.