Logischer Holismus und Wittgensteins „praktische Wende“

Logical Holism and Wittgenstein’s ‘Practical Turn’. – Logical holism is the idea that each elementary proposition belongs to a system and is logically connected to other propositions of that system. In this paper I explore this idea and draw its connections to the nature of negative propositions and the ‘problem of recognition’ on the basis of Wittgenstein’s Nachlass. In the first section I argue that in January 1930 the idea leads Wittgenstein to a better understanding of how the negative feature is expressed in propositions, thereby raising the problem of recognition to which he is not yet able to find a proper solution. In the second section I explore how the problem still persists during Wittgenstein’s ‘practical turn’. What he now calls the ‘problem of representation’ forces him to change again his conception of propositions. In the final section I argue that this change is mainly due to the modification of his conception of hypotheses which urges a solution to the problem of representation, though the problem remains unsolved in January 1930.

Differences in Astringency Subqualities Evaluated by Consumers and Trained Assessors on Sangiovese Wine Using Check-All-That-Apply (CATA)

The astringency of red wine represents an important factor of quality and liking evaluation by consumers, but it is sometimes associated to a negative feature. We studied the differences in astringency subqualities of Sangiovese wines between consumers and trained assessors. Wines belonging to three denominations (Chianti Classico, Toscana, Morellino di Scansano) and a Chianti Classico specification (Chianti Riserva), from three price ranges (low, medium, high) were evaluated. Regular wine consumers and trained panel assessed the wines applying the Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) questionnaire relative to six astringency attributes (silk, velvet, dry, aggressive, hard, mouthcoat). Differences between panels were more associated with the high-price wines, which were characterised by negative subqualities for consumers. Preference maps revealed that mouthcoat was the term mainly associated with consumers’ liking, while other subqualities as persistent, rich, and full-body, provided by the trained assessors, may represent the drivers of liking for Sangiovese wine. This study has demonstrated that a trained sensory panel provides highly valuable information regarding the mouthfeel characteristics of Sangiovese wines and the attributes driving consumer liking.

Principles and practice of using the selection index

The paper analyzes practical aspects of using the index selection. The article describes mathematical and selection contradictions in the use of the selection index (SI) and methods of removing the same. The authors propose a resulting formula of determining the SI. The study presents the results of using the upgraded SI including the negative feature selection in comparison with the isolated selection. The aftereffect of the program embedded in the SI was demonstrated graphically and proved by the correlation and variance analysis.

Internacionalização no segmento de mídia out of home: o caso da JCDecaux no mercado brasileiro

Purpose - This case study aims to understand the motivations for the expansion of the French multinational JCDecaux to Brazil, in the light of relevant theories about the internationalization of companies. JCDecaux is the world's largest outdoor media company (out of home), a fast-growing industry of the advertising market in Brazil.Design/methodology - This study explain the case based on the internationalization of companies theories, in the economic (Eclectic Paradigm of International Production) and behavioral (Uppsala School and Business Networks Model) strands. In addition to secondary sources, the research was supported by interviews with experts and executives from the outdoor media industry in Brazil.Findings - The main determining drivers for the entry of JCDecaux in the Brazilian market were identified. The analysis based on the theoretical models of internationalization concluded that the economic approach determined in a more significant way the company's entry into the Brazilian media out of home market. Economic advantages outweighed the costs and risks of Brazil's business environment, making the country attractive to the company's foreign investment.Research limitations - The scarcity of data about the media outdoor was reported by a professional interviewed as a negative feature. Another important limitation is the lack of scientific production about the out-of-home media in Brazil.Originality - This paper contributed to generate important information about the Brazilian outdoor media industry, especially on the phenomenon of internationalization of companies in this industry.

Influence of ultrasound and surface-active substances on the dispersion of metal powders

It is scientifically proven that reducing the particle size in metal powders leads to a noticeable improvement in the materials properties. The shape of powder particles and their nanoscale are of great importance in sintering technologies for the formation of dense homogeneous alloys, as well as in additive manufacturing. A negative feature of nanoparticles is that they can stick together and form agglomerates and aggregates. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in proving the influence of ultrasound on the dispersion of metal powders, as well as studying the issue of preventing sticking of particles of powder materials with the help of surfactants. (Materials and methods) The article presents conducted tests at the Lomonosov Moscow state University. Authors used three brands of powder obtained by electroerosive dispersion (T15K6, Lc38mts2 and Brazh9-12), a high-class portable digital ultrasound device of the Logiq-E series, a scanning electron microscope of the DESK-TOP AURA series, and a Spectro-photocolorimeter “Spekol-210”. (Results and discussion) A suspension of metal powders in distilled water was subjected to ultrasound for 1, 5 and 10 minutes. The percentage of particles of three fractions was studied on a scanning microscope: 40-150; 150-300 and more than 300 nanometers. Polyethylene glycol PEG-35 was introduced into the suspension in different proportions to study the effect of surfactants. Solutions were studied using a spectrophotometric method to determine the adsorption of surfactants on the filler. (Conclusions) The effect of ultrasound on the dispersion of metal powders has been proved. It was hypothesized that conducting the process of electroerosive dispersion in an ultrasonic field can provide a better quality powder material. Studies with the use of surfactants have shown the prospects of their use for adsorption modification of metal fillers in order to improve the adhesion properties.

An intelligent algorithm for forecasting and finding the relationship between COVID-19 outbreak and pollutants condensation

Background and Objective: Nowadays, the endemic and survival of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are challenging for humanity healthy, which led to death and hard or soft physical diseases and economic damages in the entire world. Durability and life span of COVID-19 are the negative feature and the problematic for transferring the virus via different ways such as environmental factors. Increasing the condensation of particulate matters (PM2.5, the atmospheric aerosol) is also challenging for the metropolitans in autumn and winter as the critical seasons of the year. Methods: In this paper, we propose a method for analyzing the relationship between the pollutants (PM2.5 as an aerosol and Carbon monoxide as the pollutant gas) and the number of COVID-19 infected people (CIP) to determine the COVID-19 outbreak in the pollutant seasons. We analyzed the relationship between COVID-19 outbreak and aerosol, and COVID-19 outbreak and pollutant gas using monitoring air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) and investigating daily statistics about the number of COVID-19 infected people. We also propose an algorithm based on neural networks that forecasts the normal or critical situation of the COVID-19 outbreak based on the previously estimated the correlation coefficient (CC) and the online reported aerosol condensation from AQMSs. Results: Our work consists of estimating the CC based on the Kendall rank method in Tehran and Isfahan, two major cities of Iran, from February 20 to March 19, 2020. Experimental results show the correlation coefficient approximately 0.5 for aerosol and the number of CIP, and 0.21 for pollutant gas and the number of CIP in Tehran. Our analysis shows a direct relationship between increasing the condensation of PM2.5 and the number of CIP. In addition, there is no relationship between the number of CIP and Carbon monoxide. We also forecast the situation of Isfahan according to the number of CIP using our proposed algorithm that the results demonstrate the critical situation. Conclusion: Aerosols increase the probability of getting infected COVID-19 due to respiratory disease and the probability of transferring the virus via particulate matters. Our work can be useful to alert people about the critical situation of the city that the results can provide a prevention approach to face COVID-19.

THE EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS WITH STERIC HINDRANCE ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF METALWORKING FLUIDS

In earlier studies, it has been postulated that solutions of surfactants should be used as an original solution for formulation of Metal Working Fluids (MWF) compositions. The negative feature of some of the fluids was their excessive foamability whose reduction, by introducing hydrophobic foam inhibitors, was limited. Therefore, a synthesis of new oxyalkylated derivatives of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and sulfosuccinate obtained from this alcohol was planned. Due to steric hindrance, these compounds exhibit low foamability. Aqueous solutions of these surfactants were subjected to physicochemical and tribological tests.

Negative Predicates

The main goal of this chapter is to explain why natural language needs negative predicates to express negative contents. In contrast with syntactic negation, negative predicates exhibit some semantic properties, which are not expressed syntactically: they are complete semantically, restricted to lexical categories, and encode a negative feature. On the other hand, negative predicates are motivated pragmatically: they are stronger statements than syntactic negation; they realize, under syntactic negation, mitigated assertions; they cannot express metalinguistic negation, as syntactic negation does. One relevant semantic proposal (Horn 1989) is the distinction between two negation operators: ¬, realized syntactically, and ©, realized lexically. This chapter does not only give arguments supporting these properties, but also provides an explicit account of the relation between syntactic negation and negative predicates.

THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON LVIV ECOLINGUAL STATUS IN THE POSTOTALITARIAN AGE

In the article we have analyzed the globalization changes that affect the development and functioning of the changing vocabulary of Lviv city posttotalitarion era. Traced the trend, takes place at the current stage of Ukrainian onomastic formation. In our opinion, it is extremely negative such peculiarity of modern vocabulary, as a tendency to use Latin graphic names that contradict the spelling norms of the Ukrainian literary language,. Onims are also a problem that are formed by combination of Latin and Kyrillic. In the article we have analyzed the brand names of the city of Lviv. The current state of development of Ukrainian onyms vocabulary has a significant impact on other languages. This is indicated by the process of globalization. A negative feature of the development of modern removable vocabulary is the use of foreign words that do not correspond to the national color of the Ukrainian literary language. Ecolinguistics is a young science that deals with the study of the aesthetics and culture of the use of words, as well as the observance of the rules of the current language.

Internal hydrophobization of cementitious materials by using of organosilicon compounds

The low resistance to harmful acting of water confined in porous, cement-based materials is a negative feature. As the consequence of porous structure these materials have not sufficient resistance as some physical and chemical detrimental factors. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the impact of organosilicon admixture based on silane and siloxane on physical properties of cement mortar. Internal hydrophobization can significantly improve the durability of a cement materials. At this paper the results of mechanical strength, absorbability and capillary water absorption of internally hydrophobized cement mortar are presented. In addition, a contact angle test was used to assess the changes in wetting angle of cement paste.