SELECTION OF A CRYOPROTECTOR FOR PRODUCTION A LYOPHILIZED LIPOSOMAL DOSAGE FORM OF THE INDOLOCARBAZOLE DERIVATIVE LHS‑1269

Introduction. One of the key tasks in freeze‑drying of drug is to choose the optimal cryoprotector that provides a high‑quality lyophilized product.The aim of research. Selection of cryoprotectant and its concentration for the preparation of lyophilizate of the liposomal dosage form of the indolocarbazole derivative LHS‑1269.Materials and methods. Substance LHS‑1269 ≥99 % (N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Onco logy), egg phosphatidylcholine Е РС S (Lipoid, Germany), cholesterol ≥99 % (Sigma‑Aldrich, Japan), polyethylene glycol‑2000‑distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (Lipoid, Germany), mannose‑d (+) 99 % (Kaden, Germany), sucrose (Himmed, Russia), trehalose dihydrate (Himmed, Russia). To obtain LHS‑1269 liposomes, the Bangham method was used in modification for hydrophobic substances with subsequent extrusion of the dispersion of multilayer phos‑ pholipid vesicles. The prepared liposomal dispersion was dosed into vials of 6 ml and lyophilized in the freeze‑dryng chamber using the «step‑by‑step» freezing mode. LHS‑1269 liposomes were analyzed before and after freeze‑drying using laser scattering spectroscopy and determination of the electrophoretic mobility of particles.Results. To prevent the destruction of LHS‑1269 liposomes during lyophilization, substances from the carbohy‑ drates class – mannose, sucrose and trehalose – were studied in two concentrations. In the course of compara‑ tive evaluation of the obtained lyophilizates in terms of quality, appearance, rehydration, size and zeta potential of liposomes before and after sublimation, it was found that sucrose introduced into the liposomal dosage form LHS‑1269 in the molar ratio sucrose / egg phosphatidylcholine 5:1 has optimal cryoprotective properties.Conclusion. As a result of the study, the optimal cryoprotector and its concentration were selected, which ensure the production of high‑quality lyophilizate of the liposomal composition of the indolocarbazole derivative LHS‑1269.

Text-oriented research into interpreting - Examples from a case-study

Different methodological tools were applied in a case study on interpretation of read-out speeches: A comparison of the 3 source texts used showed considerable differences between the „objective“ text description using quantifiable parameters and the „subjec-tive“ evaluation of the same speeches by the 12 participating interpreters. Incorrect rendition or omission of proper names/numbers was reduced by the use of the manuscript in the booth, while overall omissions/errors were highly variable between subjects. In a process-oriented approach, the relationship between use of manuscript, timelag and long omissions was studied and resulted in a series of new questions to be investigated. Finally, lexical variability proved surprisingly high with only 6.6% of words being used by all interpreters. Strengths and weaknesses of the different methodological tools will be discussed and proposals made for further research in the field.

VV: a viewer for the evaluation of 4D image registration

We propose an open source and cross platform medical image viewer, named VV, designed for qualita tive evaluation of images registration, in particular for deformable registration of 4D CT images. VV can display multiple spatio-temporal image sequences (2D+t or 3D+t) and contains several tools for comparing images using transparency or fusion, for visualizing deformation fields, for defining landmarks. It is used in the field of radiation therapy to help researchers and clinicians evaluate deformation in 4D CT images of the thorax. It is implemented in C++, with ITK, VTK and QT open source version, runs on Linux and windows and is freely available to the community.