Broadening the Scope and Utility of Frontal Sinus Morphology for Predicting the Growth Pattern and Skeletal Malocclusion in Cleft Lip and Palate Cases

Introduction: The three dimensionally affected growth and development of craniofacial structures in CLCP leads to problems dealing with facial appearance, skeletal and dental malocclusion, feeding, airway, hearing, and speech. Objectives: Evaluation and utilisation of fs morphology as a forecast of future growth for growth pattern and skeletal malocclusion in CLCP cases. Methodology: A 30 Cases from Skeletal Class I, III and CLCP will be selected from Department of Orthodontics. Dimensions and area of frontal sinus is evaluated using 3DVT. Parameters are evaluated in sagittal and coronal section. The measurement's dependability will be determined using a reliability test (Cronbach alpha test). Chisquare Test, One Way ANOVA, and Multiple Comparison will be used to do descriptive and analytical statistics. The Tukey Test is a statistical test that is used. Expected Results: Frontal sinus dimensions when observed for Class III will be found greater. Average dimensions will be observed for skeletal Class I cases. Based on the dimensions of frontal sinus observed in cleft lip and palate, we can predict the skeletal malocclusion and growth pattern. Conclusion: The morphology of the fs is evaluated in cleft cases for the upcoming growth pattern and skeletal malocclusion if is known during formulating a treatment plan for the three dimensionally affected jaw bases and craniofacial structure the requirement for later surgical intervention can be prevented.

Status Gizi pada Ibu Hamil Anemia terhadap Lingkar Perut Janin

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia is 359 per 100,000 live births. MMR in the study area reached 100 per 100,000 live births. Causes of maternal death include bleeding, anemia, and chronic energy deficiency (KEK). In pregnant women, the main cause of death is bleeding. This study aims to determine the relationship between the nutritional status of anemic pregnant women and the growth of fetal abdominal circumference. The research design was analytic observational using cross-sectional with a sample size of 30 people. Sampling technique with purposive sampling. The duration of the study was three months starting from February to May. Data analysis using chisquare test. The results showed that the highest level of nutritional status of respondents was 18 people (60.0 %). Most of the growth in fetal abdominal circumference did not match each examination using ultrasound (USG), namely 17 (56.7%), 23 (76.7%), 27 (90.0%). The results of statistical tests of nutritional status in anemic pregnant women on the growth of fetal abdominal circumference showed a value of p = 0.048 on ultrasound I, p = 0.031 on ultrasound II, and p = 0.010 on ultrasound III (p < = 0.05). This shows that there is a relationship between the nutritional status of anemic pregnant women and the growth of fetal abdominal circumference.

Evaluation of Cephalic Index in children from the Madheshi community in Sarlahi district, Nepal

Background: Cephalic index is one of the important craniofacial parameters which is commonly used for investigating the length and breadth of the head. Cephalic Index (CI) is defined as the ratio between maximum breadth of the head and the maximum length of the head multiplied by 100. Body mass index (BMI) is a nutritional marker of the body derived from the measurement of height (in m2) and weight (in kg). Aims and Objective: To analyse the effect of BMI on the CI. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from April 2021 to June 2021 with sample size of 200 children of age groups 5-8 years from Ramnagar Gaupalika of Sarlahi, Province 2, of Nepal. We measured the cephalic index of the children and asked a set of structured questionnaire to the guardian or parent of the children. Height and weight of the children were also measured and BMI was determined. Data analysis was completed using SPSS version 16. Results: The mean age of the participants was 6.56 years, BMI of 18.09 and cephalic index (CI) of 81.82. The mean CI in males and females were 82.05 and 81.59 respectively. Our results show significant association between BMI category and CI category (chisquare test, p-value=0.000), mode of delivery and BMI category (chisquare test, p=0.042) and significant negative correlation between BMI and CI (Pearson’s R=-0.591, p=0.037). Conclusion: The most common pattern of CI was hyperbrachycephalic in the children of low BMI whereas the pattern of CI in case of the normal BMI was the mesocephalic type. It also confirmed that the sexual dimorphism exists in both the low BMI and the normal BMI.

Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Kelas Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Madapangga Kabupaten Bima Tahun 2019

<p>Kelas ibu hamil merupakan salah satu kegiatan penting dalam penerapan buku KIA,<br />berfungsi untuk mempersiapkan ibu hamil menghadapi persalinan yang aman dan<br />nyaman. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan evaluasi kelas ibu hamil<br />di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Madapangga. Desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi dan<br />ditinjau dari segi waktu bersifat cross sectional. Populasi adalah semua ibu hamil<br />yang mengikuti kelas ibu bulan Agustus-November 2019 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas<br />Madapangga berjumlah 60 orang. Cara pengambilan sampel secara total sampel.<br />Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisa data menggunakan uji chisquare test. Penelitian disimpulkan ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan persiapan pelaksanaan kelas ibu hamil P-Value α= 0.003 &lt; 0.05, tidak ada hubungan sikap ibu<br />terhadap pelaksanaan Kelas ibu hamil P-Value α= 0.008 &gt; 0.05 dan tidak ada<br />hubungan antara sarana dan prasarana dengan persiapan pelaksanaan kelasibu hamil P-Value α= 0.016 &gt; 0.05</p>

Soil-Transmitted Helminthes Infection and Nutritional Status of Elementary School Children in Sorong District, West Papua, Indonesi

It is known that soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infection in children associates with growth and developed restriction in children, which is shown by nutritional status. However, the studies which are investigating this phenomenon is still limited in Indonesia. This recent study aimed to compare students who infected and non-infected with STH towards their nutritional status. An analytic cross-sectional research design was conducted in two elementary school students at Mayamuk sub-district, Sorong district, in January 2020. STHs infection was identifi ed by lugol stained wet mount smear from their stool under a light microscope. Children nutritional status was determined by body mass index based on age. A total of 164 children (67.5%, 164/243) were voluntary to participate by informed consent and eligible. Twenty-seven children (16.5%, 27/164) were infected with one or more STH species of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, and Strongyloides stercoralis. T. trichiura (81.5%, 22/27) was the most common species found, either in single or mixed infection. Children nutritional status was observed as thinness, normal, overweight, and obese, that was 6.1% (10/164), 75% (123/164), 6.7% (11/164), and 12.2 % (20/164) respectively. STHs infection occurred in children with nutritional status of thinness 3.7% (1/27), normal 74.1% (20/27), overweight 3.7% (1/27), and obese 18.5% (5/27). There was no signifi cant diff erence between STHs infected children and non-infected children on their nutritional status (p=0.616, ChiSquare test). Thus, it indicated that STHs infection was not only the factor to induce the impairment of nutritional status in children at Mayamuk sub-district. It needs further investigation to clarify the factors which are leading to the thinness, overweight, and obese in Mayamuk children.

Evaluation of the compliance of people with the containment measures and wearing-mask behaviours in different stages of COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study from Turkey

Introduction. Protection measurements should be paid attention so that the regions affected to a great extent gain time for medical care and medical facilities can cope with increasing intensive care cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in the rate of behaviours of people related to going out and wearing a mask during the pandemic in Turkey. Material and methods. This observational study investigated people’s behaviours of going out and mask-wearing in the province of Kahramanmaras in Turkey during 4 different periods with 14-day intervals before and after Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 48 hours camera record made in 4 different periods at 12 pedestrian crossings used intensively by people was examined. Two researchers recorded and examined the number and gender of the people using these pedestrian crossings and their wearing-mask behaviours on a data collection form. The obtained data were presented as tables and graphics, showing numbers and percentages. Appropriate mask-wearing according to gender was analysed by ChiSquare test. Results. The number of people using pedestrian crossings decreased by 70.19% for men and 87.07% for women compared to before the pandemic. When comparing the appropriate mask-wearing according to gender, it was concluded that women had a higher statistically significant rate on the appropriate mask-wearing compared to men (p<0.05).Conclusions. Compliance to mask-wearing and control measures was high at the beginning of the pandemic. A high percentage of women wore masks correctly. About 40 days after the pandemic started, people wore the mask less correctly.

Comparison of Near Total thyroidectomy with Sub total thyroidectomy for Multindular goipe in terms of recurrence rate.

Objective: To compare the outcome of NTT and STT for multinodular goiter in terms of Recurrence rate. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Department of Surgery DHQ Teaching Hospital Rawalpindi. Period: July 2016 to December 2017. Material & Methods: All patients were admitted through OPD according to the already set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two groups were made first group was NTT group and second group was STT group. Patients were divided into two groups by lottery method (Probability sampling). Follow up period for recurrence was 1 year. Analysis of data was done by SPSS version -20. Chisquare test was used to see the statistical significance. Value of P was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 63 (n=63) patients were included in the study. Over all there were 71.40% females and 28.60% males. Average age of the female patients was 36.3 years and in males average age was 40.60 years. In NTT group there were 32 patients (n=32) and in STT group there were 31 patients (n=31). There was no recurrence in NTT group whereas recurrence was noted in 5 out of 31 patients (16.10%) in STT group which was found statistically significant (p = 7.61). Overall incidental carcinoma was noted in 6 out of 63 patients (9.52%). So completion thyroidectomy had to be carried in 4 patients of incidental carcinoma from STT group whereas 2 patients of incidental carcinoma from NTT group did not require any further treatment. Conclusion: Results of this study prove the superiority of NTT over STT regarding recurrence rate and safety of treatment for multinodular goiter. NTT eliminates recurrence rate of MNG which is very high in STT. NTT also obviates the need for completion thyroidectomy in case of incidental carcinoma.

Does Polish Post-Communist Cultural Burden Influence the Perception of Creative Identities?

Objective: Post-communist countries, affected by decades of one of the most repressive political systems, are perceived as a particular area of gaps in social capital. These gaps influence the whole spectrum of behaviors of individuals, groups, and society. Countries that changed their political system start a journey of external (economic, social) and internal (personal, interpersonal, group) changes. The post-communist burden determines human behavior, so leaders and managers should pay attention to these consequences. The research deals with the differences in perception of creative identities (a creator, artist, manager, entrepreneur, and leader) by Polish society compared to other countries without communist history. Methodology: Quantitative research (n = 160) in the form of a survey among people from Poland and other countries. Verification of hypotheses by chisquare test of independence used (SPSS, MS Excel). Next, a qualitative analysis of discrepancies was undertaken (NVivo). Findings: There are no statistical differences in the perception of creative identities of a creator, artist, manager, entrepreneur, and leader between citizens of Poland and citizens of other countries. The additional qualitative analysis exposed that differences in perception of the creative identities between investigated societies might have necessary consequences while managing or leading groups (and organizations) dominated by creative individuals. These differences are shown in detail, and links between our research results and the literature are built. Value Added: It looks like a post-communist burden in current Poland has a minimal impact on the perception of creative individuals. Thus, it can be said that communism disappears from the social capital during one generation (ca. 30 years). Recommendations: Further research exploring the perception of creative identities by different analogical groups of compared societies would be valuable.

Perception of facility readiness and health worker willingness to participate in the COVID-19 pandemic response in a treatment centre in Nigeria

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate health workers’ knowledge, self - preparedness and willingness to volunteer for outbreak response and perceived institutional readiness to manage confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19.Methods: Across-sectional study was carried out among 300 consenting healthcare workers in a COVID19 treatment facility in Edo state, Nigeria. Data were collected between April and May 2020 using selfadministered questionnaires. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, with Chisquare test and logistic regression applied with a 95% confidence interval. All ethical considerations were met.Results: One hundred and seventeen (39.0%) respondents were willing to volunteer in the response, with respondents who were confident in their ability to suspect a case, communicate risk effectively and who believed the facility should be a treatment centre being 3.55, 2.07 and 2.30 times more likely to volunteer respectively (P< 0.001, P = 0.04 and P = 0.02 respectively). Two hundred and seven (69.0%) respondents felt the facility was ready to manage confirmed cases. Management commitment 255 (85.0%) was the factor acknowledged as most indicative that the facility was ready to handle cases, with availabiltiy of personal protective wears as the least mentioned 166 (55.3%).Conclusion: Many health workers who should be in the frontline were unwilling to volunteer to manage cases, though perceived facility readiness was high. Health managers should take steps to address identified barriers and provide conducive work environments. Keywords: COVID-19, Health providers, Willingness

Hubungan Perilaku dan Pengetahuan Remaja terhadap Kejadian HIV/AIDS di Puskesmas Kalibobo Nabire

Virus HIV membawa dampak yang sangat menghancurkan dengan cara menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia.Kehancuran ini menyerang masyarakat bahkan negara.Serangan ini mengakibatkan Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Sindrome (AIDS) yang kemudian meningkatkan prevalensinya setiap tahunnya.Studi dalam penelitian ini mengenai hubungan perilaku dan pengetahuan remaja terhadap kejadian HIV/AIDS di Puskesmas Kalibobo Nabire.Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang atau cross-sectional.Populasinya remaja umur 12-15 tahun yang berjumlah 36 orang dan sampelnyanya pasien remaja yang beresiko HID/AIDS dengan jumlah 36 orang.Teknik samplingnya dengan probability sampling atau random sampling.Pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder dengan cara responden mengisi lembar kuisioner secara langsung yang dianalisis memakai chisquare test yang digambarkan secara deskriptif.Hasil penelitian yaitu (1) Uji statistik secara chisquare test p=0,486 maka dikatakan tak ada perbedaan perilaku remaja berisiko maupun tidak berisiko pada penyakit HIV/AIDS sehingga ada hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku remaja yang berisiko terhadap HIV/AIDS pada remaja di Puskesmas Kalibobo Nabire.(2)Uji statistik secara chisquare test memperoleh nilai p=0,003(?>0.05) bahwa ada hubungan pengetahuan remaja terhadap terjadinya HIV/AIDS pada remaja di Puskesmas Kalibobo Nabire.