Vilfredo Pareto Philosophical Theory, Action & Residue with its Classification

Vilfredo Pareto summarized his aim in writing his major sociological work, “The treatise on General Sociology.” His ambition was to construct a system of sociology analogous in its essential features of the generalized physicochemical system. The treatise attempts to study only non-rational aspects of action. Now we will discuss about his views.

Absorption of Co2 into Perfluorinated Gas Carrier in the Taylor Gas–Liquid Flow in a Microchannel System

The aim of this study was to determine the solubility of CO2 in perfluorodecalin (PFD) which is frequently used as efficient liquid carrier of respiratory gases in bioprocess engineering. The application of perfluorinated liquid in a microsystem has been presented. Gas-liquid mass transfer during Taylor (slug) flow in a microchannel of circular cross section 0.4 mm in diameter has been investigated. A physicochemical system of the absorption of CO2 from the CO2/N2 mixture in perfluorodecalin has been applied. The Henry’s law constants have been found according to two theoretical approaches: physical (H = 1.22·10-3 mol/m3Pa) or chemical (H = 1.26·10-3 mol/m3Pa) absorption. We are hypothesising that the gas-liquid microchannel system is applicable to determine the solubility of respiratory gases in perfluorinated liquids.

Effect of Growth Conditions and Catalyst Material on Nanowhisker Morphology: Monte Carlo Simulation

The process of nanowhisker formation on the substrates activated by catalyst drops was investigated by Monte Carlo simulation. Influence of deposition conditions on whisker morphology was considered. Straight whiskers with uniform diameter could be grown using catalyst possessing large contact angle with whisker material. It was demonstrated that variation of growth conditions in such physicochemical system may result in nanotube formation. Atomic mechanism of hollow whisker formation was suggested. The range of model growth conditions for nanowhisker and nanotube formation were identified.

ACID-BASE LANGUAGE VERSUS ACID-BASE MEASUREMENTS

The PAPERS of Kildeberg and Engel and of Nelson and Riegel continue what has been called, inaccurately, "The Great Transatlantic Acid-Base Debate" betsveen two schools of acid-base physiology. Historically at least, these can be called the Continental and Anglo-American Schools and their current dispute a war of words. We will sketch their beginnings, describe some of their differences, and indicate the importance of the distinction between fundamental and derived measurement. The Continental School was probably founded by Hasselbalch, who in 1916 began the apparently never-ending search for a chemical index of a "metabolic component," i.e., a number indicating the quantity of non-volatile acid added to or lost from the body-"corrected" for respiratory effects. Hasselbalch index was typical of the genre because it required exposing a blood specimen in vitro to known CO2 gas mixtures and was called a "reduced hydrogen ion concentration." His successors have tended to work meticulously in chemical laboratories, to give special names to defined magnitudes, and to incorporate these into logical formulations. One example was that of Singer and Hastings, which was based on a thoroughgoing study of blood as a physicochemical system at various states of equilibrium outside the body. Another recent and carefully developed one is that of Siggaard-Andersen. Despite this and other authors warnings, this school formulations are subject to abuse perhaps especially by those who assume that an "Astrup determination" is a substitute for clinical judgement. The other school is less systematic, its members being more often physiologists or physicians than physical chemists.