RESIDENTS’ ATTITUDE OF THE LENINGRAD REGION AND SOSNOVY BOR TO ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION AND ISSUES OF RADIATION SAFETY IN THE RESIDENCE PLACES

A sociological survey was conducted in the Leningrad Region in 2016. In total, 1,363 respondents over 18 years of age were interviewed, including 401 respondents residing in the area of the main nuclear industry facility in the region namely the Leningrad nuclear power plant in the urban district Sosnovy Bor. The aim of the study was to investigate the interest of the population of the Leningrad Region and Sosnovy Bor in obtaining information on various aspects of radiation safety, depending on the gender and age of respondents, perception of the environmental situation in the region of their residence, as well as the confidence level in various sources of information. Respondents ‘ interest study of information about radiation and radiation safety issues was revealed that interest to such information is twice higher in Sosnovy Bor than the respondents of the Leningrad region have one. The highest level of confidence among all in the study participating respondents is the information, where Emergency Situations Ministry officers, scientists and specialists are the source one.

STAFF SAFETY MANAGEMENT OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN THE FIRE

Appropriate protective measures are required to ensure the evacuation of staff to a safe area under the conditions of a potential impact on a nuclear power plant by dangerous fire factors. The article analyzes possible fire scenarios in one of the buildings of the Leningrad nuclear power plant. An approach to assessing the effectiveness of the use of protective equipment for nuclear power plant personnel during a fire is considered.

Influence of the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant on Zooplankton and Zoobenthos of the Gulf of Finland Koporskaya Guba

The effects of warm water discharge from Leningrad nuclear power plant (Leningrad NPP) on the physical, chemical and biological properties of a natural water pond (Gulf of Finland Koporskaya Guba) were studied during 2010–2014 period. Quantity and biomass changes in environmental occupied benthic and plankton communities were studied for water pollution assessment. Data collected by IEG RAS were used for assessing of the ecological state of Koporskaya Guba as a cooling pond of Leningrad NPP.

Engineering Assessment Approach for the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant In-Depth Safety Assessment

Engineering assessment that supports the safety basis for a reactor plant operating license is defined as: “An assessment of a system to determine its adequacy to successfully perform its safety-related function(s) when required.” The approach to engineering assessment of systems at the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant (LNPP), as part of its in-depth safety assessment (ISA), is unique. The content and format of engineering assessments for western Safety Analysis Reports (SARs) have evolved over time and current requirements are somewhat scattered in the governing documents (USNRC, 1978). Many regulatory guides and requirements (western or eastern) have not kept up with changes in safety analysis technology. Performance of the ISA for LNPP affords the opportunity to rethink the approach to engineering assessments, and to incorporate current methods and latest technology in safety analysis. As an example, for many systems, information about system reliability obtained from a modem Probabilistic Safety Assessment is more comprehensive than that from a Single Failure Analysis as prescribed in SAR content and format guides. Overall, the engineering assessment of LNPP systems looks at five major assessment elements: 1) assessment of regulatory compliance, 2) assessment of operability, 3) assessment of vulnerability, 4) assessment of environmental qualifications, and 5) assessment of reliability. By reorganizing the approach to meeting regulatory requirements, and by looking at engineering assessment in various ways, information can be obtained that goes beyond simply demonstrating regulatory compliance to more fully supporting the safety basis for a plant operating license.