Effects of Caloric Restriction and Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Histochemistry in Aging Fischer 344 Rats

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of calorie restriction and exercise on hindlimb histochemistry and fiber type in Fischer 344 rats as they advanced from adulthood through senescence. At 10 months of age, animals were divided into sedentary fedad libitum, exercise (18 m/min, 8% grade, 20 min/day, 5 days/week) fedad libitum, and calorie restricted by alternate days of feeding. Succinic dehydrogenase, myosin adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase at pH 9.4), nicotine adenonine dinucleotide reductase, and Periodic Acid Shiff histochemical stains were performed on plantaris and soleus muscles. The results indicated that aging resulted in a progressive decline in plantaris Type I muscle fiber in sedentary animals, while exercise resulted in maintenance of these fibers. The percent of plantaris Type II fibers increased between 10 and 24 months of age. Exercise also resulted in a small, but significant, increase in the percentage of plantaris Type IIa fibers at 24 months of age. The soleus fiber distribution for Type I fibers was unaffected by increasing age in all groups of animals. The implications of these results suggest the implementation of exercise as a lifestyle modification as early as possible.

The functional morphology of the avian flight muscle M. Coracobrachialis posterior

The extensive range of movement of the avian glenohumeral joint makes functional interpretation of any muscle that crosses the joint difficult. Multiple functional roles for the M. coracobrachialis posterior (CBP), an architecturally complex muscle that lies deep to the M. pectoralis, have been assigned on the basis of its anatomical position. The mechanical properties, neuromotor pattern during flight and the biochemical properties of the CBP in pigeons (Columba livia) were studied by in situ length/active tension and length/passive tension measurements, in vivo electromyography and muscle histochemistry. The action of the muscle was studied directly through in situ stimulation and measurement of humeral excursion in non-reduced preparations.