Generación de energía eléctrica mediante el reaprovechamiento de biomasa (cáscara de papa y aguas residuales) por medio de bioceldas. 2016.

Generación de energía eléctrica mediante el reaprovechamiento de biomasa (cáscara de papa y aguas residuales) por medio de bioceldas. 2016. Angie Lisette Carrasco Vergara, Elmer Benites Alfaro Universidad Privada César Vallejo, Av. Alfredo Mendiola 6232- Los Olivos, Lima, Perú. Recibido el 15 de noviembre del 2017, aceptado el 20 de diciembre del 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2017.0010/ Resumen El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como finalidad demostrar que la biomasa (cáscara de papa y agua residual), puede ser reaprovechada en la generación de energía eléctrica mediante bioceldas, para reducir el aumento incontrolable de residuos sólidos, el uso excesivo de energía no renovable y el consumo de energía eléctrica así como de combustibles fósiles. El procedimiento para la investigación se realizó de forma manual, primero se determinó la cantidad de cáscara de papa, luego se extrajo el líquido de glucosa para utilizarlo como sustrato. Después se recolectó el agua residual, y una parte de la muestra se envió a analizar. Posteriormente se procedió a la construcción de la biocelda siguiendo el diseño previamente elaborado, de los cuales la cámara anódica consistió de 357.76ml, la catódica de 265.92ml. Finalmente, se inició el proceso de experimentación con diferentes cantidades de biomasa residual y de esta manera se halló el mejor de los tratamientos. La parte experimental se realizó en un laboratorio de la localidad de Carabayllo, Lima. Para la composición de solución anódica en el Tratamiento 1, se utilizó: a) 35ml del líquido extraído de 100.21g de cáscara de papa, b) 250ml de agua residual (obtenida del proceso de lavado de las papas) y c) Material de cultivo biológico (obtenido del agua residual). Para la solución catódica del Tratamiento 1, se utilizó: a) 270 ml de agua destilada (H2O), a la cual se le adicionó Cloruro de Sodio (NaCl) al 2%, para aumentar la conductividad eléctrica. Para los tratamientos 2, 3 y 4 se varío la cantidad de cáscara de papa, siendo 200, 300 y 400 gramos respectivamente. De los resultados obtenidos en la investigación, el tratamiento N°4 evidenció el máximo voltaje, siendo 0.80 V, la intensidad de corriente de 0.1 A y generando una potencia máxima de 0.080W, durante los 7 días de experimentación. Descriptores: Cáscara de papa, agua residual, biocelda y voltaje. Abstract The objective of this research was to demonstrate that biomass (potato peel and wastewater) can be reused in the generation of electric energy by means of biocells to reduce uncontrollable increase of solid waste, excessive use of non-renewable energy and the consumption of electric energy as well as of fossil fuels. The procedure for the investigation was performed manually, first the amount of potato peel was determined, then the liquid was extracted from glucose to be used as a substrate. The residual water was then collected, and a portion of the sample was sent for analysis. Subsequently the construction of the biocelda was carried out following the design previously elaborated, of which the anodic chamber consisted of 357.76ml, the cathodic of 265.92ml. Finally, the experiment was started with different amounts of residual biomass and in this way the best of the treatments was found. The experimental part was carried out in a laboratory in the town of Carabayllo, Lima. For the anodic solution composition in Treatment 1, a) 35 ml of the liquid extracted from 100.21 g of potato peel, b) 250 ml of waste water (obtained from the potato washing process) and c) Bio culture material (Obtained from wastewater). For the cathodic solution of Treatment 1, a) 270 ml of distilled water (H2O), to which 2% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) was added, was used to increase the electrical conductivity. For treatments 2, 3 and 4 the amount of potato peel was varied, being 200, 300 and 400 grams respectively. From the results obtained in the investigation, the treatment No. 4 showed the maximum voltage, being 0.80 V, the current intensity of 0.1 A and generating a maximum power of 0.080 W, during the 7 days of experimentation. Keywords: Potato husk, residual water, biocelda.

Characterization of Bioelectrochemical Fuel Cell Fabricated With Agriculture Wastes and Surface Modified Electrode Materials

A bioelectrochemical fuel was fabricated with pretreated and fermented rice husks. The fuel was characterized with variation of process variables by determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) which is a measure of the oxygen equivalent of electrochemically oxidizable organic fuel to produce electrical energy. The electrodes of the cell were made with nanoporous pure Al coated with platinum, platinum-ruthenium, and platinum-ruthenium-carbon. Anodization parameters were optimized by studying E-I characteristics in sulfuric and oxalic acids with variation of concentration and temperature. Pore size on the order of 30–50 nm was obtained by a two stage anodization. The performance of the cell was evaluated by determining open circuit potential, E-I characteristics, polarization studies, and cyclic voltammetry. A steady onload potential of 600–800 mV was obtained with current density on the order of 15–25 mA/cm2. High power density of 10–15 mW/cm2 has been obtained with electrode materials coated with Pt + Ru or Pt + Ru + C. The performance of coating on nanoporous structure was greatly reflected in the polarization studies, which showed a huge reduction of polarization resistance and increase of exchange current density by many times, the effect being more for anode with anodic solution, fermented rice husk, than with cathode with phosphate buffer cathodic solution. The surface morphology examined by SEM, showed nanodeposits of Pt, Pt-Ru, and the presence of carbon like structure. XRD peaks clearly reveal presence of Pt, Pt-Ru, and carbon.

Characterization of Bioelectrochemical Fuel Cell Fabricated With Agriculture Wastes and Surface Modified Electrode Materials

A Bioelectrochemical fuel cell was fabricated with pretreated and fermented rice husks. The fuel was characterized with variation of process variables by determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) which is a measure of the oxygen equivalent of electrochemically oxidizable organic fuel to produce electrical energy. The electrodes of the cell were made with nano porous anodized Al coated with Platinum, Platinum-Ruthenium and Platinum-Ruthenium-Carbon. Anodization parameters were optimized by studying E-I characteristics in sulphuric and oxalic acids with variation of concentration and temperature. Pore size in the order of 30–50 nm was obtained by a two stage anodization. The performance of the cell was evaluated by determining open circuit potential, E-I characteristics, polarization studies and cyclic voltammetry. A steady onload potential of 600–800 mV was obtained with current density in the order of 15–25 mA/cm2. High power density of 10–15 mW/cm2 has been obtained with electrode materials coated with Pt+Ru or Pt+Ru+C. The performance of coating on nanoporous structure was much reflected in the polarization studies, which showed a huge reduction of polarization resistance and increase of exchange current density by many times, the effect being more for anode in anodic solution, fermented rice husk, than with cathode in phosphate buffer cathodic solution. The surface morphology examined by SEM, showed nano deposits of Pt, Pt-Ru and the presence of carbon like structure. XRD peaks clearly reveal presence of Pt, Pt-Ru and carbon.