INTEGRATED ALGORITHM FOR COMPILINGAND ASSESSMENT OF DIRECT ROUTES RESTRICTIONS IN FREE ROUTE AIRSPACE OF UKRAINE

The article describes the principles of acceptability assignment for direct routes restrictions in free route airspace of Ukraine for publication in Route Availability Document and further use by the Integrated Initial Flight Plan Processing System of Eurocontrol. The algorithms of correct generation of direct routes restrictions for the selected issues in a horizontal and vertical plane were proposed. As a main decision criteriafor these algorithms were chosen the shortest distance to the state boundary (in a horizontal plane) and space attitude (location) of aircraft (in avertical plane).

Between nation and state: Boundary infrastructures, communities of practice and everyday nation-ness in the Chinese rail system

This paper draws on thinking within political geography and science and technology studies to examine how the infrastructure of the Chinese rail system situates the practices of individual passengers within the national community. Specifically, I employ Star’s boundary object framework to trace how hot water taps and their associated objects integrate multiple communities of practice into rail space while also producing fractures within the ridership. The practice of hot water drinking, like rail infrastructure, is the product of Chinese state-making. In contemporary China, however, thermoses and instant noodles have become markers not just of Chinese nation-ness but of particular sub-national communities of practice. I argue recent conflicts over their use and even presence in rail space reflect and realize fractures within broader society. This paper’s analysis of the Chinese rail system contributes to a clearer understanding of how top-down and bottom-up forces interact within China’s domestic infrastructural development. Incorporating the materiality of infrastructure allows political geographers to better understand how the nation-ness of certain bodies and practices are entangled with the built environment, moving from imagined communities to communities of practice.

Understanding rice innovation needed for smallholder farmers in semi-arid area of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Rice is grown in various environments across semi-arid areas of ENT province. This paper elaborates agricultural innovations delivered to the smallholder rice farmers and highlights their responses/adaptability. The research conducted in the state boundary of Indonesia-Timor Leste as part of AIAT-ENT program. The study showed that farmers having more access to rice innovation sources tend to adopt better and willing to purchase for external inputs. By adopting introduced rice innovations, co-operatives farmers in state boundaries were able to improve rice productivity from 1 – 2 ton/ha to 5 – 7.2 ton/ha. After 3 years of AIS implementation, almost all farmers have been continuously HYVs of rice. However, the sustainability of the innovation’s adoption has commonly disrupted by the availability of external inputs. Numerous rice-related innovations have been introduced; however, smallholder farmers were keen to adopt only limited ones that suitable with their specific environment and household circumstances. The study concluded that rice innovations delivered to improve rice productivity in semi-arid areas should be focus on specific target groups that suitable their environments and household’ circumstances. Rice-related innovations should be delivered in the broader context not merely to increase rice productivity, rather to improve smallholder semi-arid farmers’ resilience for food security.

CARTOGRAPHY AS A TOOL OF IMPERIAL POLICY IN CENTRAL ASIA

Любая попытка выяснить, какую роль играли карты в том или ином историческом процессе, наталкивается как минимум на два принципиальных затруднения. Первое из них заключается в том, что карты обычно рассматриваются как продукт строгой эмпирической процедуры, свободной от изъянов восприятия и идеализаций воображения. Считается, что карты являются отражением объективной реальности, и стремление заподозрить их в необъективности равнозначно нанесению тяжкого оскорбления самому научному Методу. Второе затруднение связано с привычкой видеть в картах сугубо вспомогательное средство, не влияющее на процесс, но ассистирующее ему. Карты – это чрезвычайно полезные и эффективные помощники, а не менторы, навязывающие свою позицию. И то и другое убеждение являются мифами, но мифами крайне устойчивыми. Оберег точности топографических методов долгое время охранял их от обвинений в пособничестве империализму. Строго выверенные шкалы разделенных кругов, нониусы, скрупулезные процедуры устранения ошибок, учет аберраций и погрешностей – весь богатый арсенал эпистемологий позитивизма позволял говорить, что карты есть не что иное, как уменьшенное изображение реального мира. Однако сама редукция, являющаяся неотъемлемой частью процесса изготовления карт, вынуждает топографов прибегать к селекции. Что достойно того, чтобы быть изображенным на картах, а что – нет? Карта не отображает пространство, она перекодирует его, и вполне естественно, что процедура перекодирования действует как инструмент конкретной политической системы, в основе которой заложена определенная идеология, движимая определенными социальными интересами. В статье показывается, что именно эта особенность европейской картографии позволила изобразить пространство Казахской степи как территорию, лишенную признаков обитаемости, и сделала казахов невидимыми на их собственной земле. Другой неотъемлемой функцией картографирования является очерчивание феноменов. Картографы проводят линии, замыкают их в некие целостности и тем самым вписывают в ландшафт новые пространственные идентичности. Степь не содержала границ, но методы топографической съемки позволяли прочерчивать в ней «фронтиры», соединяя границами редко рассредоточенные укрепления. В предлагаемой статье подробно прослеживается, каким образом линии, проводимые топографами, формировали в сознании российской военно-бюрократической элиты представление о постепенном расширении «границ» империи в Центральной Азии. Несмотря на то, что упомянутые «границы» представляли собой всего лишь техники репрезентации, в диалогах военных и чиновников они наделялись субстанциональными качествами. Поскольку речь в данном случае шла о первичном топографическом описании ранее неизученных территорий, политический и картографический дискурсы становились неотделимы друг от друга. В статье показывается, каким образом объекты, произведенные топографами на «ничейных» территориях, обретали самостоятельное существование на картах и использовались в качестве повода для дальнейшей экспансии. There are, at least, two difficulties of principle that we face trying to figure out the role of maps in any historical process. The first one is that the maps are generally understood as a product of strict empirical procedure free of perception gaps and idealizations. We are told that maps reflect objective realities. Consequently, if one suggests that they can be prejudiced, he insults the very scientific Method. The second difficulty relates to the supposed utilitarian attitude of cartography. It is customary for us to consider maps as primarily a supporting means not influencing the process but assisting it. The map is a useful and effective facilitator, rather than mentor imposing predefined positions. Both these beliefs are in fact myths, but extremely persistent myths. The talisman of precision protected the topographic methods against charges of complicity in imperial expansion for a long time. Fine scales of graduated circles, vernier scales, scrupulous procedures of error recovery, diminution of aberration and quantifying uncertainties – a whole range of positivist epistemologies allowed to speak that maps were nothing but scaled-down representations of real world. Still, the very existing of reduction, which is an integral part of map-making, obliges the topographers to resort to selection. What deserves to be depicted on the map and what not? Maps do not mirror the space, but re-encode it, and it is quite natural that this procedure operates as instrument of a particular political system with the underlying ideology and consequent social interests. Maps are both instruments and representations of power. The article shows how this particular feature of European cartography allowed to depict the Kazakh Steppe as vast uninhabited areas and helped to render Kazakh peoples invisible in their own land. The other indispensable function of cartography is delineation of phenomena. Cartographers draw lines, bridge them into particular totalities and thereby inscribe into the landscape new spatialized identities. The steppe did not contain boundaries, but surveying and mapping techniques allowed to establish “frontiers” by imaginary lines that connected rarely scattered Russian fortifications in the steppe. The article traces how these topographical lines formed a particular way of thinking among Russian top bureaucracy and military leaders, who eventually began to perceive them as gradual extension of imperial “frontiers” in the Central Asia. In spite of the fact that “frontiers” in question were no more than techniques of representation, military and civil functionaries granted them the status of firm state boundary. Since it was a primitive description of previously unexplored territory, political and cartographic discourses tightly intertwined each other. The article demonstrates how the objects produced by military topographers in the “no-man’s lands” obtained their own existence on maps and have been used as a platform for further imperial expansion.

Conceptual principles of the strategic planning in the field of safety of state boundary of Ukraine

Conceptual principles of the strategic planning are set forth in the field of safety of state boundary of Ukraine, that include the concept of the strategic planning in the field of safety of state boundary, her aim, principles and model. Origin of the new threats of national safety, related to "hybrid" aggression of Russian against Ukraine, to temporal occupation by her Crimea, kindling of the armed conflict in the east regions of Ukraine, realization of the events sent to destabilization of political and economic situation in Ukraine, development of terrorism and by the threat of his distribution territory of Ukraine, transformations that take place in the sector of safety and defensive stipulated an urgent requirement in a revision and determination of new aims, priorities and tasks on development frontier organization Ukraine, and also revision existent strategic document. In addition, the necessity of creation of the new system of defence of border appeared with Russian and other contiguous states as a guarantee of state sovereignty and providing of national safety, introductions of the European standards of the integrated management by borders.Determination of concept, principles, aim and model of the strategic planning in the field of safety of state boundary of Ukraine offers authors. In the context of this research, under providing of safety of state boundary of Ukraine the process of defence of national interests is understood on a state boundary, and also, making the systems of providing of national safety.For today, strategic planning in the field of safety of state boundary of Ukraine, as the mechanism of state administration, sent to providing of counteraction to the present and potential threats of national safety, that comes true in interests a frontier department, other law enforcement authorities and soldiery forming, and also executive, enterprises, establishments and organizations activity of that is related to national safety bodies.

Numerical Solution of MHD Nanofluid Over a Stretching Surface with Chemical Reaction and Viscous Dissipation

The main objective of this paper is to focus on a numerical study of chemical reaction and viscous dissipation effects on the steady state boundary layer flow of MHD nanofluid past the horizontally stretching sheet with the existence of nanoparticles. A proper similarity transformation is utilized to convert the boundary layer equations into the nonlinear and coupled ordinary differential equations. These ODEs are sorted out numerically by applying the shooting mechanism. Graphical representations are also included to explain the effect of evolving parameters against the above-mentioned distributions. Significance of different physical parameters on dimensionless velocity, temperature and concentration are elaborated through graphs and tables. For increasing values of Eckert number, the temperature profile increases whereas the chemical reaction parameter increases, the boundary layer thickness decreases. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2019) 36-45

Machine-learning based wind turbine operating state detection and diagnosis

<p>The operation cost for wind parks make up a major fraction of the park’s overall lifetime cost. To facilitate an optimal wind park operation and maintenance, we present a decision support system that automatically scans the stream of telemetry sensor data generated from the turbines. By learning decision boundaries and normal reference operating states using machine learning algorithms, the decision support system can detect anomalous operating behaviour in individual wind turbines and diagnose the involved turbine sub-systems. Operating personal can be alerted if a normal operating state boundary is exceeded. We demonstrate the successful detection and diagnosis of anomalous power production for a case study of a German onshore wind park for turbines of 3 MW rated power.</p>