Effect of Incentive Spirometry on Recovery of Post-Operative Patients: Pre Experimental Study

Background: Post-operative care is management of patients after any surgery. The main goal of post-operative care is to prevent complications i.e. atelectasis and infection. The other objective is early healing of the surgical incision and return of patient to a state of health. About 17% to 88% of people in postoperative duration will have decreased lung volumes. This decreased lung volume problem can be solved with use of incentive spirometry in postoperative period on Day 1. Incentive spirometer is perioperative respiratory therapy given to postoperative patients to improve lung volume of patients and hasten recovery of patients also.Purpose: This study aimed to identify effect of Incentive spirometry on postoperative patient’s recovery.Methods: It was pre-experimental study with pretest- posttest design only, which was done on post-operative patients at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh.Results: Majority (52 %) of participants were 41 to 50 years age group. Male and female ratio for participants were 46:54. Paired ‘t’ test p value i.e. 0.00* with CI [0.72, 1.03] showed that on Pretest and Day 3 Performance level on incentive spirometry of participants showed a significant value, which indicate that spirometer enhance recovery of post-operative patients by increasing their lung volumes.Conclusions: This study revealed that incentive spirometry is effective in improving of pulmonary function among post-operative patients, which further improves blood circulation and hasten early recovery of surgical wound. This spirometry should be integral part of Post-operative care. All nurses who are involved in Postoperative units should encourage patients to do it on regular basis and document it as a vital sign. Good compliance to incentive spirometry can improve better outcome of patient’s

Stress-strain-state calculation for a thick-walled spherical shell made of organic glass

This paper discusses stress-strain state peculiarities of a spherical thick-walled organic-glass shell under omnidirectional compression. It is pointed out that this stress-strain state is not linear and, consequently, cannot be described by “boiler” formulae. The paper compares analytical calculations based on the volume problem of elasticity theory versus FEM-based results. It has been established how weight and size of this shell depend on its acceptable stress.

Fluid-structure interaction study of the supersonic parachute using large-eddy simulation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to model the dynamic characteristics of an opened supersonic disk-gap-band parachute. Design/methodology/approach A fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method with body-fitted mesh is used to simulate the supersonic parachute. The compressible flow is modeled using large-eddy simulation (LES). A contact algorithm based on the penalty function with a virtual contact domain is proposed to solve the negative volume problem of the body-fitted mesh. Automatic unstructured mesh generation and automatic mesh moving schemes are used to handle complex deformations of the canopy. Findings The opened disk-gap-band parachute is simulated using Mach 2.0, and the simulation results fit well with the wind tunnel test data. It is found that the LES model can successfully predict large-scale turbulent vortex in the flow. This study also demonstrates the capability of the present FSI method as a tool to predict shock oscillation and breathing phenomenon of the canopy. Originality/value The contact algorithm based on the penalty function with a virtual contact domain is proposed for the first time. This methodology can be used to solve the negative volume problem of the dynamic mesh in the flow field.

Experimental Research of the Usability on Double Acting Intensifiers in Hydroforming

The hydroforming method is especially used for forming lightweight materials like aluminum, magnesium alloys, high strength steels or materials that have limited formability. Intensifiers are the most important component of hydroforming presses. Nowadays single-acting intensifiers are used in hydroforming presses. Single-acting intensifiers provide pressurized liquid by forwarding movement of the piston through one direction and their volumes are limited. The mass of the intensifiers increases significantly depending on their liquid volume capacity and this causes high manufacturing costs. For this reason, two or more single-acting intensifiers which bridged in a parallel circuit are used to manufacture bigger products that require a high volume of liquid. But this method is not an economical solution. So double-acting intensifiers can overcome this problem. The pressurized liquid can be obtained during both forward and backward movement of the piston in double-acting intensifiers which work like a pump. This is why double-acting intensifiers have no volume limit on the contrary of single-acting intensifiers. Yet there are sudden pressure drops in double-acting intensifiers caused by returning movements of the piston to pressurize liquid again. This pressure drops cause some problems to use double-acting intensifiers on hydroforming method. The situation of solving this problem to use double-acting intensifiers on the hydroforming method can eliminate limited volume problem and decrease investment cost of hydroforming presses. In this study, the usability of double-acting intensifiers on hydroforming with die method was investigated. Because of the existing hydroforming press, used in experiments, doesn’t contain any double-acting intensifiers, pressure drops obtained by single-acting intensifier to perform simulated experiment. A die was designed and manufactured to synchronize the blank holder force with pressure drops. This die was integrated on the hydroforming press, located on Selcuk University Hydroforming Laboratory, for the success of the process. Performance of improved system was measured as well as repeatability of applying process parameters and product’s geometry were determined. The AA5754 aluminum alloy used processes, both single- and double-acting intensifier, were compared. Limiting drawing ratios were determined for all processes. It is obtained that pressure drops have no negative influence on formability. Moreover, there is no difference observed in thickness distribution which is an indicator of product’s quality and strength. However, when geometric accuracy was investigated then noticed that the pressure drops count has a good influence on product radius. 5.96 mm product radiuses on the process with single-acting intensifier was obtained 5.92 and 5.10 mm by using double-acting intensifier increasing pressure drop’s frequency.

Bounds and extremal domains for Robin eigenvalues with negative boundary parameter

We present some new bounds for the first Robin eigenvalue with a negative boundary parameter. These include the constant volume problem, where the bounds are based on the shrinking coordinate method, and a proof that in the fixed perimeter case the disk maximises the first eigenvalue for all values of the parameter. This is in contrast with what happens in the constant area problem, where the disk is the maximiser only for small values of the boundary parameter. We also present sharp upper and lower bounds for the first eigenvalue of the ball and spherical shells. These results are complemented by the numerical optimisation of the first four and two eigenvalues in two and three dimensions, respectively, and an evaluation of the quality of the upper bounds obtained. We also study the bifurcations from the ball as the boundary parameter becomes large (negative).