The T Optimal Maintenance Time of Consecutive Linear k-out-of-r-from-n: F System and Consecutive Circular k-out-of-r-from-n: F System

A consecutive linear (circular) [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]-from-[Formula: see text]: [Formula: see text] system consists of [Formula: see text] linear (circular) ordered components such that the system fails if and only if there exist a set of [Formula: see text] consecutive linear (circular) component that contains at least [Formula: see text] failed components. The optimal maintenance of the consecutive [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]-from-[Formula: see text]: [Formula: see text] system to linear and circular states is investigated in this paper. First, an integrated strategy of corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance is introduced. Then, for first time, optimal maintenance has been applied to these systems, and optimum maintenance time has been achieved with this strategy. Also, real-world practical examples for this system have been presented.

Polarization of Magnetoplasmons in Grating Metamaterials Based on CdTe/CdMgTe Quantum Wells

Grating metamaterials were fabricated with electron beam lithography on CdTe/CdMgTe modulation doped structures with two non-interacting quantum wells. Two types of samples were studied: with etched gratings and with gratings formed by deposition of Au stripes. The polarization properties at THz frequencies of the gratings were determined at room temperature. It was shown that Au gratings formed a linear polarizer, while etched gratings did not polarize THz radiation. Transmission of circularly polarized THz radiation at low temperatures through a sample with no grating showed a strongly circularly polarized cyclotron resonance transition. Transmission of this radiation through a sample with an etched grating showed a magnetoplasmon transition that was almost perfectly linearly polarized. We concluded that magnetoplasmons in metamaterials with etched gratings are linearly polarized excitations, possibly with a small contribution of a circular component. This work opens the possibility of the detailed study of the polarization of magnetoplasmons, which has not been explored in the past.

Exact Reliability for a Consecutive Circular k-out-of-r-from-n: F System with Equal and Unequal Component Probabilities

A consecutive linear (circular) [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]-from-[Formula: see text]: F system consists of [Formula: see text] linear (circular)-ordered components such that the system fails if and only if there exists a set of [Formula: see text] consecutive linear (circular) component that contains at least [Formula: see text] failed components. Consecutive linear (circular) [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]-from-[Formula: see text]: F systems attract tremendous attention for researchers of reliability analysis. Recent efforts in this area have focused on simple situations or approximation bands for their reliability but closed form and exact amount not gained. In this paper, we designed an innovative algorithm and an innovative program to obtain the exact reliability for an extensive class of consecutive circular [Formula: see text]-out-of-[Formula: see text]-from-[Formula: see text]: F system with particular emphasis for equal and unequal component probabilities. Finally, we reviewed an applied example and applied comparative and numerical results and calculated the exact reliability of this strategic system.

Vascular system of the floret of Phleum pratense

Two bundles occur in the rachilla at the floret base. The anterior bundle supplies the vascular tissue for the lemma median trace, and the posterior supplies that for its two extreme laterals. The intermediate laterals of the lemma connect at the anterior bundle, and the two palea traces join near the posterior bundle to the traces for the extreme lemma laterals. Near these connections sieve elements of the two rachilla bundles link, forming the lower component of the sieve-element plexus. The xylem discontinuity begins above the anterior bundle. An upper, circular component of the sieve-element plexus surrounds the discontinuity. The sieve elements of the lodicules join the anterior of the upper plexus. The upper plexus becomes trilobed as it merges with the stamen traces. Three pistil bundles including sieve elements and tracheary elements of the xylem discontinuity join the upper plexus. These pistil bundles unite into a circular pistil plexus surrounding the discontinuity. The anterior sieve tube of the pistil joins the anterior of the pistil plexus. Sieve elements emerge from the posterolateral portions of the plexus toward the styles and leave a placental bundle of sieve elements and tracheary elements of the xylem discontinuity in the pistil posterior.

Pitch Classes Differ with Respect to Height

The pitch of a tone is considered to consist of two components: the rectilinear component of height and the circular component of chroma, or pitch class. In an experiment employing simultaneous sequences of Shepard tones, it is shown that tones in different positions on the chroma circle differ in height when generated under the same spectral amplitude envelope. Further, the directions of these differences remain constant when the envelope is centered at different positions along the spectrum, resulting in clear differences in the overall heights of the patterns.

Boundary Effects and the Circular Polarization of Synchrotron Sources

Some self-absorbed synchrotron sources have, a small but observable degree of circular polarization rc near the absorption turnover (Roberts et al. 1975). The simplest interpretation of the circular component is in terms of the intrinsic degree of circular polarization of synchrotron radiation (Legg and Westfold 1968); this provides a relation (Roberts et al. 1975)