Environmental safety of the steppe zone cities within the development of the technique of a «green framework» belt formation

The article is devoted to solving the actual problem of creating a comfortable urban environment in the climatic conditions of the southern cities of Russia. The environmental safety of urban areas in the steppe zone can be ensured by forming belts of the «green belt» of the city, based on the use of specific functions of green spaces. The aim of the work was development of an integrated design method for the «green belt» of the city on the example of the territory of Rostov region, based on the analysis of the urban ecological situation, specificity of the regional range of perennial vegetation with the selection of plants that have environmental tolerance to man-made territory. The proposed technique can be used for other physiographic zones of the territory of the Russian Federation on the basis of selection and ranking of environmental and city-forming criteria for designing the «green belt».

THE LEGAL POSITION OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATIONS OF LAWYERS

We consider the legal situation specificity and the main activities of European associations of lawyers. Communities of judges, prosecutors, lawyers in public service are quite rare and, as in Russian practice, are not considered as public (non-governmental) associations. Membership in the association of lawyers of European countries is mainly associated with such professional activities as advocacy and notary, which is a private legal component of legal activity. The main tasks of many associations of lawyers is to protect the interests of its members, training and retraining of association members. Membership in these associations does not give any financial privileges, in Western European professional legal associations at the regulatory level, tax benefits for members of these organizations and legal instruments for professional growth are fixed. We analyze the activities of such associations as the German lawyer association, the Bar Association of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of China (Taiwan), the European Bar Association for democracy and human rights. On the basis of the comparative and legal characteristics of Russian and European associations of lawyers we made a conclusion about the distinctive and similar features in their legal position.

Situation-specificity of children's social goals: Changing goals according to changing situations?

Children's agentic and communal goals were examined in hypothetical conflict, group entry, victimization, and positive situations ( N = 310, 11—13 years). Multilevel modeling was used to separate the variation in goals to the between- and within- (i.e., situation-specific) individual levels. About half of the variation in goals was due to individual differences. Boys endorsed more agentic goals than girls. A positive perception of self was associated with more agentic goals, whereas a positive perception of peers was associated with high degrees of communal goals. In addition, agentic goals were associated with rejection, whereas communal goals were related to peer acceptance. Children aimed for closeness with peers most often when no stressful interaction pattern was imposed (positive situation), endorsing fewer affiliation aims when involved in a conflict, and having the least of these aims when victimized by peers. Agentic goals, in turn, were most common in the victimization situation, the next typical in conflict and positive situations, and least likely in the group entry situation. Finally, the way children adjusted their goals in response to the victimization situation varied between children, and was related to sociometric status in older children.