Formation of environmental literacy in an educational organization

Educating ecological literacy and a conscious attitude to the world around us is a long and purposeful process, which is based on the didactic principles of pedagogy and the laws of nature. The problem of the formation of an ecologically cultured and competent personality is now becoming one of the central and significant ones. Environmental literacy consists of such components as environmental knowledge, assessment of the surrounding reality, foreseeing the consequences of human activity in nature, studying all methods of competent nature management and striving for environmental protection. Thus, environmental literacy is a product of environmental education and upbringing. The direct formation of environmental literacy occurs in the process of the purposeful influence of the teacher. An ecologically developing environment in an educational organization should contribute to the development of the student’s cognitive activity, broadening his horizons, ecological and aesthetic development, and the formation of a holistic picture of the world.

GENESIS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF OPERATIONAL INVESTIGATION TACTICS

The article examines the formation and development of legal regulation of operational and investigative tactics in different historical periods. It was found that the beginning of the direct formation of the legal framework (development and adoption of circulars, regulations, orders, instructions, instructions) of operational and investigative activities (organization and tactics) dates back to the beginning of the XX century. It is noted that despite the presence of some gaps (problems) in the legislation governing the search (search) activities in the pre-revolutionary period, in general, the provisions enshrined in regulations of that time became the basis (basis) for improving and developing regulatory organization and tactics of operational and investigative activities in subsequent historical periods, especially in the Soviet period. It is emphasized that in the Soviet period the first legal acts of the Soviet government (through the VNK), regulating operational and investigative activities, were far from perfect and only partially regulated the organization of covert work and tactics of operational and investigative measures, which affected unsatisfactory state of counteraction to crime. According to the results of the study of special literature, during the existence of Soviet power, more than two dozen departmental regulations were adopted, regulating the organization and tactics of operational and investigative activities in places of imprisonment. At the same time, despite such a strong legal framework governing operational and investigative activities, including in penitentiary institutions, the legal grounds for operational and investigative activities were largely ignored, and the basic principles of law enforcement – the rule of law – were leveled. The period of 1950–1960 is characterized by the beginning of the formation of operational and investigative activities as an independent academic discipline. At the same time, despite such achievements, a significant number of prominent scientists continue to consider operational and investigative activities and their theory as part of criminology. Only in the early 70’s the scientific community recognized operational and investigative activities as an independent discipline. This was directly facilitated by the scientific research of famous scientists. During the 1970s and 1980s, in the scientific developments of prominent scientists (D. V. Grebelsky, V. G. Samoilov), in addition to discussions on the object and subject of operational and investigative activities, attention was paid to compliance with the fundamental principles of human rights and freedoms. time of operative-search activity (rule of law, legality). However, the excessive secrecy of operational and investigative activities and the lack of a codified act that would regulate its implementation at the legislative level, makes it virtually impossible for the subjects of operational and investigative activities to implement these principles in practice. A thorough analysis of the scientific literature and the results of the survey of respondents shows that the current Law on OSA is currently outdated, and its provisions do not comply with the provisions of the law. The prospect of further exploration is a study of the current state of legal regulation of operational and investigative tactics and prospects for its improvement.

Direct induction of adventitious root in Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms from leaf explants cultured in vitro

Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms is a precious plant species belonging to the Araliaceae family. All parts of plant have been used to create products for human health. In tissue culture of medicinal plants, the induction and multiplication of adventitious root of Schefflera octophylla for biomass collection have been studied. In this report, results on induction of adventitious root from leaf explants cultured in vitro of this plant species were presented. Leaf disks (~ 10 x 10 mm), leaf transverse - thin cell layers (t-TCLs) (~ 3 x 10 mm) were cultured on different mineral media MS, ½MS, B5, SH with NAA (0 - 5 mg/L), sucrose (0 - 50 g/L) and light intensity (0 - 4,000 lux). The results showed that, 30 days after culturing on ½MS solid medium plus 3 mg/L NAA, and 30 g/L sucrose in 4,000 lux light condition, direct formation of adventitious root was best from leaf disks, t-TCLs with rooting rate (%) 100, 100; root number/sample 68.80, 21.96; root lenght (mm) 16.53, 15.53, respectively. Leaf disk culture resulted in better rooting than t-TCL culture in two criteria of root number and root length. Morphological and histological observations of adventitious root primordia formation in the leaf disk were also performed. This is the first report on direct formation of adventitious root by in vitro culture of leaf disks/t-TCLs in Schefflera octophylla with very high efficiency, creating basis for further studies on root biomass multiplication for production of bioactive compounds.

Phosphine/Photoredox Catalyzed anti-Markovnikov Hydroamination of Olefins with Primary Sulfonamides via a-Scission from Phosphoranyl Radicals

New strategies to access radicals from common feedstock chemicals hold the potential to broadly impact synthetic chemistry. We report a dual phosphine and photoredox catalytic system that enables direct formation of sulfonamidyl radicals from primary sulfonamides. The method is proposed to proceed via -scission of the sulfonamidyl radical from a phosphoranyl radical intermediate, generated upon sulfonamide nucleophilic addition to a phosphine radical cation. As compared to the recently well-explored β-scission chemistry of phosphoranyl radicals, this strategy is applicable to activation of N-based nucleophiles and is catalytic in phosphine. We highlight application of this activation strategy to an intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of unactivated olefins with primary sulfonamides. A range of structurally diverse secondary sulfonamides can be prepared in good to excellent yields under mild conditions.

Charge Compensation in Europium-Doped Hafnia Nanoparticles: Solvothermal Synthesis and Colloidal Dispersion

Effective charge compensation of europium in hafnium oxide nanoparticles was achieved at low temperature, allowing high doping incorporation (up to 6 at.%) and enhanced luminescence. The efficiency of the incorporation and charge compensation was confirmed by scanning electron microscope energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction measurements. Despite the known polymorphism of hafnium oxide, when doped to a concentration above 3 at.%, only the pure monoclinic phase was observed up to 6 at.% of europium. Furthermore, the low-temperature solvothermal route allowed the direct formation of stable dispersions of the synthesized material over a wide range of concentrations in aqueous media. The dispersions were studied by diffuse light scattering (DLS) to evaluate their quality and by photoluminescence to investigate the incorporation of the dopants into the lattice.

Formation of porous ice frameworks at room temperature

Bulk crystalline ices with ultralow densities have been demonstrated to be thermodynamically metastable at negative pressures. However, the direct formation of these bulk porous ices from liquid water at negative pressures is extremely challenging. Inspired by approaches toward porous media based on host–guest chemistry, such as metal–organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, we herein demonstrate via molecular dynamics simulations that a class of ultralow-density porous ices with upright channels can be formed spontaneously from liquid water at 300 K with the assistance of carbon nanotube arrays. We refer to these porous ice polymorphs as water oxygen-vertex frameworks (WOFs). Notably, our simulations revealed that the liquid–WOF phase transition is first-order and occurs at room temperature. All the WOFs exhibited the unique structural feature that they can be regarded as assemblies of nanoribbons of hexagonal bilayer ice (2D ice I) at their armchair or zigzag edges. Based on density functional theory calculations, a comprehensive phase diagram of the WOFs was constructed considering both the thermodynamic and thermal stabilities of the porous ices at negative pressures. Like other types of porous media, these WOFs may be applicable to gas storage, purification, and separation. Moreover, these biocompatible porous ice networks may be exploited as medical-related carriers.